{"id":10413,"date":"2023-04-24T12:10:17","date_gmt":"2023-04-24T10:10:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/?page_id=10413"},"modified":"2023-06-26T12:49:06","modified_gmt":"2023-06-26T10:49:06","slug":"eclogites-roches-de-choix","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/en\/eclogites-roches-de-choix\/","title":{"rendered":"Eclogites - rocks of choice"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"10413\" class=\"elementor elementor-10413\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0464142 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0464142\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-81cfb41\" data-id=\"81cfb41\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19095fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"19095fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.20.0 - 13-03-2024 *\/\n.elementor-column .elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--spacer-size)}.e-con{--container-widget-width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer{width:var(--container-widget-width,var(--spacer-size));--align-self:var(--container-widget-align-self,initial);--flex-shrink:0}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container{height:100%;width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer{height:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--container-widget-height,var(--spacer-size))}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty{position:relative;min-height:22px;min-width:22px}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty .elementor-widget-empty-icon,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty .elementor-widget-empty-icon{position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;margin:auto;padding:0;width:22px;height:22px}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8922da6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8922da6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.20.0 - 13-03-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"588\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/affiche-JNG-1536x588.jpg\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536 wp-image-10866\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/affiche-JNG-1536x588.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/affiche-JNG-300x115.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/affiche-JNG-1024x392.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/affiche-JNG-768x294.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/affiche-JNG-18x7.jpg 18w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/affiche-JNG-80x31.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/affiche-JNG-600x230.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/affiche-JNG-64x25.jpg 64w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/affiche-JNG.jpg 1587w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67a0414 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"67a0414\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.20.0 - 13-03-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>A temporary exhibition at the Geological Society of France prepared by : Camille FRAN\u00c7OIS, Solen LE GARDIEN, Violaine SAUTTER &amp; David C. SMITH.<\/p><p>With the support and assistance of Mary Inglis, A. Rosu &amp; S. Chaimbault<\/p><p>Download the brochure<a href=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Brochure-ECLOGITES.pdf\"> here<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31ece61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"31ece61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fadd1d5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fadd1d5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-27ea6b3\" data-id=\"27ea6b3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39237d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"39237d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.20.0 - 13-03-2024 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">ABOUT THE EXHIBITION<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-296f443 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"296f443\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In collaboration with the Mus\u00e9um National d'Histoire Naturelle and the Commission de la Carte G\u00e9ologique du Monde, this exhibition allows visitors to discover eclogites, rocks formed in the depths of the Earth, through works from the SGF's documentary collection and, above all, samples from the COSEM: the Commission for the Geological Map of the World. <strong>Co<\/strong>llection <strong>S<\/strong>mith des <strong>E<\/strong>clogites <strong>M<\/strong>wave.<\/p><p><strong>Why the term \"eclogite\" and why Norway? <\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Abb\u00e9 Ren\u00e9-Just Ha\u00fcy coined the term \"eclogite\" from the Greek \"\u1f10\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\" (eklog\u00ea) meaning \"choice\". He believed that these rocks \"chose\" to be different from others, and described them in his Trait\u00e9 de min\u00e9ralogie of1822.<\/p><p>In 1920, Pentti Eskola (1883-1964) published a classification of metamorphic rocks based on the innovative concept of \"facies\", including a description of what he defined as an \"eclogitic facies\". The following year, he published a work on the eclogites of Norway in \"Le Gneiss de l'Ouest\", an enormous unit of more than 200 km of nappes that have been metamorphosed.<\/p><p>At the same time, Yvonne Bri\u00e8re (1891-1981), one of the first female geologists in France, proposed a metamorphic origin for eclogites in her thesis \"Les \u00e9clogites fran\u00e7aises: leur composition min\u00e9ralogique et chimique; leur origine\", defended at the Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de Paris and published in 1920. This idea, which was strongly criticised by his thesis jury, is now unanimously accepted.<\/p><p>Since the 1960s, with the advent of new analytical methods in petrology (electron microprobe, etc.), many other researchers have taken an interest in eclogites to understand how they can outcrop on the Earth's surface after having been created at such great depths.<\/p><p><strong>A paradigm shift in geodynamics: subduction of continental crust<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>In 1984, the discovery of the mineral coesite in rocks of the continental crust in Italy (Chopin, 1984) and in eclogites in Norway (Smith, 1984) revolutionised geodynamics. The presence of coesite in eclogites proves burial at depths two to three times greater than previously assumed (around 100 km). It also shows that the continental crust can subduct to great depths.<\/p><p>A new discipline was born, called UHPM (Ultra-High Pressure Metamorphism).<\/p><p>This exhibition begins with a definition of eclogites and metamorphism (showcases 1 to 3) and the geodynamic processes involved in the formation of these rocks (showcases 4 to 7). It continues with the highly diverse mineralogy of Norwegian eclogites (display cases 8 to 14). The study of COSEM rocks has enabled David and his colleagues to describe new species: nyb\u00f6ite, Mg-Al &amp; Fe-Al-taramite, lisetite and davidsmithite, all recognised by the International Mineralogical Association (showcases 15 &amp; 16). The exhibition concludes with the geodynamic implications of the discovery of these rocks throughout the history of our Earth (showcase 17).<\/p><p>This exhibition will take you on a journey from the infinitely large to the infinitely small. 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<w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"22\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Strong\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"20\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Emphasis\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Document Map\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Plain Text\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"E-mail Signature\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"HTML Top of Form\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"HTML Bottom of Form\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Normal (Web)\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"HTML Acronym\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"HTML Address\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"HTML Cite\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"HTML Code\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"HTML Definition\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"HTML Keyboard\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"HTML Preformatted\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"HTML Sample\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"HTML Typewriter\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"HTML Variable\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Normal Table\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"annotation subject\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"No List\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Outline List 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Outline List 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Outline List 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Simple 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Simple 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Simple 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Classic 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Classic 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Classic 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Classic 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Colorful 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Colorful 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Colorful 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Columns 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Columns 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Columns 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Columns 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Columns 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Grid 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Grid 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Grid 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Grid 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Grid 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Grid 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Grid 7\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Grid 8\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table List 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table List 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table List 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table List 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table List 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table List 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table List 7\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table List 8\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table 3D effects 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table 3D effects 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table 3D effects 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Contemporary\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Elegant\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Professional\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Subtle 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Subtle 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Web 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Web 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Web 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Balloon Text\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"Table Grid\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Table Theme\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" Name=\"Placeholder Text\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"1\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"No Spacing\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" Name=\"Revision\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"34\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"List Paragraph\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"29\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Quote\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"30\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Quote\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"41\" Name=\"Plain Table 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"42\" Name=\"Plain Table 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"43\" Name=\"Plain Table 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"44\" Name=\"Plain Table 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"45\" Name=\"Plain Table 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"40\" Name=\"Grid Table Light\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 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<w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4 Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"List Table 1 Light Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"List Table 2 Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"List Table 3 Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4 Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"List Table 1 Light Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"List Table 2 Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"List Table 3 Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4 Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"List Table 1 Light Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"List Table 2 Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"List Table 3 Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4 Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"List Table 1 Light Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"List Table 2 Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"List Table 3 Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4 Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"List Table 1 Light Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"List Table 2 Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"List Table 3 Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4 Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6\"\/><br \/> <\/w:LatentStyles><br \/><\/xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]><\/p>\n<style>\n \/* Style Definitions *\/<br \/> table.MsoNormalTable<br \/>\t{mso-style-name:\"Tableau Normal\";<br \/>\tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;<br \/>\tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;<br 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.elementor-divider__text{direction:rtl}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-divider,.e-con>.elementor-widget-divider{width:var(--container-widget-width,100%);--flex-grow:var(--container-widget-flex-grow)}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9f26822 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9f26822\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdc8a75\" data-id=\"fdc8a75\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39d834d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"39d834d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/en\/eclogites-roches-de-choix\/\">1. DEFINITION OF ECLOGITE &amp; HISTORY<\/a><\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-77b6343 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"77b6343\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b5bc31e\" data-id=\"b5bc31e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a07973 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a07973\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Eclogite is a grey rock composed of red garnet and green pyroxene (omphacite, Greek for green grapes). In 1822, Abb\u00e9 Ren\u00e9-Just Ha\u00fcy was fascinated by this rock (<b>sample 505<\/b> showcase) with bright colours (no feldspar), made it a rock of choice by naming it \"eclogite\" (from the Greek \u1f10\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae meaning \"choice\", referring to the selection of minerals that make up this rock). For Ha\u00fcy, diallage (the old name for clinopyroxene) was \"\u00a0<em>considered to be a basic function and, with garnet, formed a binary combination to which kyanite, quartz, epidote and laminar amphibole were supposed to be accidentally added\". <\/em>Before Ha\u00fcy, these rocks had been spotted 40 years earlier in Bavaria by Horace B\u00e9n\u00e9dict de Saussure.<\/p><p>The great German geognosist Abraham Gottlob Werner was also familiar with some eclogites from the Austrian Alps and southern Germany, in particular the well-known Silberbach deposit (<b>sample 25 Ec<\/b>). He described them as consisting of garnet, \"omphazit\" and, occasionally, \"cyanit\" (Werner, 1817).<\/p><p>The name eclogite was used by European geologists to designate rocks from Germany, Austria, the Alps and Norway. In France, the first discovery of eclogite was made by Auguste Rivi\u00e8re in the Vend\u00e9e region (<b>sample P1567<\/b>), where he discovered \"the beautiful rock that bears the name of eclogite\" (Rivi\u00e8re, 1835). The first study of these rocks was carried out by Alfred Lacroix in 1891, then by his student Yvonne Bri\u00e8re in 1920 (<i>see<\/i> window 2).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6ba6daf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6ba6daf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9e05b93\" data-id=\"9e05b93\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5add049 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5add049\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This thin blade on display is <strong>a kimberlite eclogite <\/strong>composed mainly of red garnet and green pyroxene (Roberts Victor mine, South Africa). A kimberlite (from the town of Kimberley in South Africa) is a very brecciated ultrabasic magmatic rock deeply rooted in the mantle and rising to the surface at Mac 2 speeds, with nodules of eclogite, peridotite and diamonds.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-44897f6\" data-id=\"44897f6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79db1c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"79db1c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"393\" height=\"279\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/une-eclogite-de-kimberlite.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10682\" alt=\"a kimberlite eclogite\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/une-eclogite-de-kimberlite.jpg 393w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/une-eclogite-de-kimberlite-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/une-eclogite-de-kimberlite-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/une-eclogite-de-kimberlite-80x57.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/une-eclogite-de-kimberlite-64x45.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 393px) 100vw, 393px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c926ee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c926ee\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-51857c6\" data-id=\"51857c6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eca6d32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eca6d32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><u>Books on display:<\/u><\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Hommage \u00e0 Ha\u00fcy: Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise de min\u00e9ralogie (1945). - Ren\u00e9-Just Ha\u00fcy, 1743-1822, Paris, Masson, 348 p.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-705e09d elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"705e09d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-834fd47\" data-id=\"834fd47\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58efbe9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"58efbe9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"345\" height=\"485\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Rene-Just-Hauy-.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10681\" alt=\"Ren\u00e9-Just Ha\u00fcy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Rene-Just-Hauy-.jpg 345w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Rene-Just-Hauy--213x300.jpg 213w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Rene-Just-Hauy--9x12.jpg 9w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Rene-Just-Hauy--57x80.jpg 57w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Rene-Just-Hauy--64x90.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 345px) 100vw, 345px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bd44529\" data-id=\"bd44529\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca07bdd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ca07bdd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ren\u00e9-Just Ha\u00fcy<\/strong> (1743-1822) was a French mineralogist and the founder of crystallography (with Jean-Baptiste Rom\u00e9 de Lisle). Destined for the priesthood, he discovered botany and then mineralogy, and in 1781 published an article on the structure of garnet crystals. Admitted to the Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences in 1783, then to the Mus\u00e9um National d'Histoire Naturelle, he described and named a large number of mineral species in his <em>A treatise on mineralogy<\/em>published in 5 volumes (including one with plates) in 1801. It was in the second edition of this<em> Treaty<\/em>published in 1822, that he described a rock he called \"eclogite\", in a chapter on diallage (clinopyroxene): \"I gave this rock the name of eclogite, which means choice, election, because its components, not being of those which commonly exist several together in the primitive rocks, like feldspar, mica, amphibole, seem to have been chosen to form a separate band\". (Trait\u00e9 de Min\u00e9ralogie, 2nd edition, Vol. II, p. 456). The sample <strong>H505<\/strong> on display is a Bavarian eclogite studied by Ha\u00fcy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ce4e1b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ce4e1b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-afba244\" data-id=\"afba244\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ed718f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8ed718f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Saussure, H.-B. de (1779-96). - Voyages dans les Alpes, pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9s d'un essai sur l'histoire naturelle des environs de Gen\u00e8ve, Neuch\u00e2tel, S. Fauche, 4 vols, Vol. I, pp. 155-156 :<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-94488ff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"94488ff\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22d6a62\" data-id=\"22d6a62\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5af756e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5af756e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"614\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Voyages-dans-les-Alpes-614x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10716\" alt=\"Trips in the Alps\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Voyages-dans-les-Alpes-614x1024.jpg 614w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Voyages-dans-les-Alpes-180x300.jpg 180w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Voyages-dans-les-Alpes-768x1281.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Voyages-dans-les-Alpes-921x1536.jpg 921w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Voyages-dans-les-Alpes-scaled.jpg 1228w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Voyages-dans-les-Alpes-7x12.jpg 7w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Voyages-dans-les-Alpes-48x80.jpg 48w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Voyages-dans-les-Alpes-600x1001.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Voyages-dans-les-Alpes-64x107.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-50ebddf\" data-id=\"50ebddf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fe6c7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5fe6c7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1018\" height=\"791\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/screenshot.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10717\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/screenshot.png 1018w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/screenshot-300x233.png 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/screenshot-768x597.png 768w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/screenshot-15x12.png 15w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/screenshot-80x62.png 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/screenshot-600x466.png 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/screenshot-64x50.png 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1018px) 100vw, 1018px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c372b6 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c372b6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a97228\" data-id=\"3a97228\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5437566 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5437566\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Horace-B\u00e9n\u00e9dict de Saussure<\/strong> (1740-1799) was a Genevan scholar interested in physics, geology, mineralogy, meteorology, botany and philosophy. Fascinated by the Alps from an early age, in 1760 he offered a reward for the ascent of Mont Blanc, which was successfully completed in 1786 by Jacques Balmat and Michel Paccard. Saussure reached the summit the following year and recounted his experiences of the Alps in his <em>Trips in the Alps<\/em>published in 4 volumes between 1779 and 1796.<\/p><p>In the first volume of his <em>Travel,<\/em>\u00a0Saussure describes a rock \"described nowhere: it is a mixture of jade, green spathic schorl and garnet in mass. This stone, of considerable hardness and density, takes on a beautiful polish, and the large red, green and yellow spots form a very beautiful effect\". (<em>Trips in the Alps<\/em>Vol. I, pp. 155-156). This would appear to be the first description of eclogite, more than forty years before Ha\u00fcy described and named it.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99e8381 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"99e8381\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The copy presented bears the inscription \"Ex-libris Ellenberger\". Before being donated to the SGF library, the book was part of the collection of Fran\u00e7ois Ellenberger (1915-2000), a French geologist whose work included the structure and metamorphism of the Alps. He was also the founder of the French Committee for the History of Geology (COFRHIGEO) in 1976, and took an interest in the figure of Horace-B\u00e9n\u00e9dict de Saussure in his work <em>History of Geology. <\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d2fa95e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d2fa95e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ae46b85\" data-id=\"ae46b85\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a3c51e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8a3c51e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><p><strong><u>To find out more :<\/u><\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Collective (2015). - Regards crois\u00e9s sur le m\u00e9tamorphisme, <em>Geochronic<\/em>136, pp. 7-82<\/li><\/ul><p>Available from the SGF shop: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geosoc.fr\/boutique-en-ligne\/geochronique\/regards-crois%C3%A9s-sur-le-m%C3%A9tamorphisme-detail.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.geosoc.fr\/boutique-en-ligne\/geochronique\/regards-crois%C3%A9s-sur-le-m%C3%A9tamorphisme-detail.html<\/a><\/p><ul><li>Ellenberger, F. (1988-1994). - Histoire de la g\u00e9ologie, Paris, Technique et documentation Lavoisier, 2 vols, 381-352 pp.<\/li><li>Ha\u00fcy, R.-J. (1822). - Trait\u00e9 de min\u00e9ralogie, Seconde \u00e9dition, Paris, Bachelier et Huzard, 4 vols + 1 atlas vol.<\/li><li>Godard, G. (2001). Eclogites and their geodynamic interpretation: a history. <em>Journal of Geodynamics<\/em>32(1-2), pp.165-203. <u><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0264-3707(01)00020-5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0264-3707(01)00020-5<\/a><\/u><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-69c4222 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"69c4222\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-33a8509\" data-id=\"33a8509\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1da8fa8 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1da8fa8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0be1c0f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0be1c0f\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f7924f3\" data-id=\"f7924f3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1acfaea elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1acfaea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2. ECLOGITE, A METAMORPHIC ROCK<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-636cefc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"636cefc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d02359\" data-id=\"5d02359\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74157a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"74157a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Work on eclogites continued in the following years, mainly on mineralogical compositions, but their magmatic or metamorphic origin remained a matter of debate. Among those in favour of a magmatic origin, Pentti Eskola (1921) considered that Norwegian eclogites had crystallised from an \"eclogitic magma\" under conditions of high pressure (HP). Conversely, Yvonne Bri\u00e8re (pictured in the display case) claimed that French eclogites resulted from the metamorphism of gabbroic rocks.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cdce17f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cdce17f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-274dcd7\" data-id=\"274dcd7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-996a4d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"996a4d6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-213048a\" data-id=\"213048a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcaaf47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fcaaf47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"209\" height=\"253\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Yvonne-Briere.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10428\" alt=\"Yvonne Bri\u00e8re\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Yvonne-Briere.jpg 209w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Yvonne-Briere-10x12.jpg 10w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Yvonne-Briere-66x80.jpg 66w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Yvonne-Briere-64x77.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 209px) 100vw, 209px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8e6598\" data-id=\"e8e6598\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f047a31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f047a31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Yvonne Bri\u00e8re<\/strong> (18\/08\/1891-23\/12\/1981) was the first woman to complete a thesis in the Mus\u00e9um's Mineralogy Laboratory (and one of the very first in France), under the supervision of Alfred Lacroix (1863-1948). She was awarded a doctoral scholarship from 1917 to 1919. There she took up a subject abandoned by a student who had entered religion, the study of ECLOGITES, of which she visited numerous deposits in the Vend\u00e9e, Loire Atlantique (sample <strong>9 Ec<\/strong>), Morbihan and Limousin. \u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ffb1a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ffb1a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"text-align: justify;\">MNHN<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d98bbb9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d98bbb9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2cbd9bb\" data-id=\"2cbd9bb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-effcc7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"effcc7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"907\" height=\"653\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Laboratoire-de-Mineralogie-du-Museum.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10437\" alt=\"The Museum&#039;s Mineralogy Laboratory\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Laboratoire-de-Mineralogie-du-Museum.jpg 907w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Laboratoire-de-Mineralogie-du-Museum-300x216.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Laboratoire-de-Mineralogie-du-Museum-768x553.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Laboratoire-de-Mineralogie-du-Museum-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Laboratoire-de-Mineralogie-du-Museum-80x58.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Laboratoire-de-Mineralogie-du-Museum-600x432.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Laboratoire-de-Mineralogie-du-Museum-64x46.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 907px) 100vw, 907px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c75ba7 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7c75ba7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7b2d601\" data-id=\"7b2d601\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41cd85e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"41cd85e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>She defended her thesis at the Sorbonne in 1920. Based on global chemical analyses of a number of samples, she defended the idea that eclogites are metamorphic rocks that result from the transformation of magmatic rocks (of basaltic composition, such as <strong>gabbro<\/strong> <strong>CF1<\/strong> presented in the showcase). This conclusion, now universally accepted, was strongly criticised by his thesis jury at the time.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>She then worked as a trainee at the Laboratoire de Min\u00e9ralogie between 1920 and 1923, leaving it much to her regret to emigrate to Madagascar, then a French colony. She returned to the Laboratoire de Min\u00e9ralogie as a volunteer shortly before the Second World War. The copy of her thesis presented here is dedicated to Alfred Lacroix.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Extract from the doctoral thesis of Y. Bri\u00e8re showing the chemical composition (by weight of oxides) of the sample <strong>9 Ec<\/strong> on display.<\/p><p>MNHN<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e426f5c\" data-id=\"e426f5c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3bd9bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c3bd9bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"373\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/These-Yvonne-a-la-Sorbonne-en-1920.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10438\" alt=\"Yvonne Bri\u00e8re&#039;s thesis at the Sorbonne in 1920\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/These-Yvonne-a-la-Sorbonne-en-1920.jpg 373w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/These-Yvonne-a-la-Sorbonne-en-1920-187x300.jpg 187w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/These-Yvonne-a-la-Sorbonne-en-1920-7x12.jpg 7w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/These-Yvonne-a-la-Sorbonne-en-1920-50x80.jpg 50w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/These-Yvonne-a-la-Sorbonne-en-1920-64x103.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 373px) 100vw, 373px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ac8e72b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ac8e72b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bde24d8\" data-id=\"bde24d8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a29b296 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a29b296\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>COSEM Q4<\/strong>\u00a0A \"coronite\" is a rock in which new metamorphic minerals have formed in a ring around a previous crystal. Here, the white plagioclases are no longer stable under increasing pressure and are nibbled away by small red garnets, marking the start of eclogitisation (the transformation into eclogite). Later, the garnets will grow as the plagioclase resorbs. Eventually, the coronites disappear to give the final garnet and pyroxene eclogite (COSEM B338).\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7fa204e elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7fa204e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a209af5\" data-id=\"a209af5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87d038b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"87d038b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>COSEM B338<\/strong>\u00a0In this extraordinary Grytting outcrop, described by Eskola (1921), the clinopyroxenes (omphacites: rich in Na and Al) are green while the garnets (pyropes: rich in Mg) are red, and are sometimes of gem quality. The presence of honey-coloured orthopyroxene (enstatite: Mg-rich) indicates an overall chemical composition of the rock that is rich in magnesium. The absence of phlogopite mica (rich in Mg and water) indicates that this rock is relatively anhydrous.<\/p><p>The presence of orthopyroxene in an eclogite is very rare, except in association with peridotites. \u00a9 D.C. SMITH<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-07fa7a4\" data-id=\"07fa7a4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9778762 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9778762\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"560\" height=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/V2-Norway1_0181_Grytting-OPX-eclogite.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10415\" alt=\"V2-Norway1_0181_Grytting OPX eclogite\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/V2-Norway1_0181_Grytting-OPX-eclogite.jpg 560w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/V2-Norway1_0181_Grytting-OPX-eclogite-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/V2-Norway1_0181_Grytting-OPX-eclogite-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/V2-Norway1_0181_Grytting-OPX-eclogite-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/V2-Norway1_0181_Grytting-OPX-eclogite-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9a03396 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9a03396\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dda41ab\" data-id=\"dda41ab\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7a6250 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c7a6250\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><u>Books on display:<\/u><\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>Lacroix, A. (1891). - Etude p\u00e9trographique des \u00e9clogites de la Loire-inf\u00e9rieure, <em>Bulletin of the Society of Natural Sciences of Western France<\/em>I, pp. 81-114<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Alfred Lacroix<\/strong> (1863-1948) was a French geologist, mineralogist and petrographer, who in 1893 was appointed Professor at the Mus\u00e9um National d'Histoire Naturelle, to the chair of Mineralogy that Ren\u00e9-Just Ha\u00fcy had held seventy years earlier. In this 1891 article, he describes eclogites from various deposits in Loire-Atlantique, including Saint-Philibert-de-Grand-Lieu.<\/p><p>The author of more than six hundred publications, his work includes <em>Mineralogy of France and its colonies: physical and chemical description of minerals; study of the geological conditions of their deposits<\/em>published between 1893 and 1913.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>Bri\u00e8re, Y. (1920). - Les \u00e9clogites fran\u00e7aises, leur composition min\u00e9ralogique et chimique ; leur origine, Th\u00e8se \u00e8s Sciences naturelles, Paris, Giard et Bri\u00e8re, 143 p.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Yvonne Bri\u00e8re<\/strong> (1891-1981) joined the Mus\u00e9um d'Histoire Naturelle and Alfred Lacroix's mineralogy laboratory, which had studied the eclogites of Loire-Atlantique. She proposed to extend the study to other French deposits as part of her thesis, as she wanted to \"study eclogites, not only from the point of view of their mineralogical composition and structure, but also from that of their chemical composition, which makes it possible to discuss their probable origin\". According to Bri\u00e8re, eclogites are of metamorphic origin and \"have the chemical composition of eruptive, dioritic or gabbroic rocks, depending on the case. There is therefore little doubt that they originate from the transformation of rocks of this nature\". This hypothesis was contested when she defended her thesis in 1919 at the Sorbonne, as many attributed a magmatic origin to eclogites, and the debate continued in the years and even decades that followed.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Yvonne Bri\u00e8re's thesis was also published in the <em>Bulletin of the French Mineralogical Society<\/em>Vol. 43-2, 1920, available here : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.persee.fr\/doc\/bulmi_0366-3248_1920_num_43_2_3743\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.persee.fr\/doc\/bulmi_0366-3248_1920_num_43_2_3743<\/a><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong><u>To find out more:<\/u><\/strong><\/p><p>on Yvonne Bri\u00e8re and the debates surrounding the metamorphic origin of eclogites:<\/p><ul><li>Godard, G. (2001). - History of eclogites and their geodynamic interpretation, <em>Works of the French Committee for the History of Geology<\/em>T. XV<\/li><li>Godard, G. (2015). - (Ultra) high pressure metamorphism: two centuries of debate, <em>Geochronic<\/em>n\u00b0136, pp. 21-26<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7bca48e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7bca48e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-197421f\" data-id=\"197421f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a391c1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6a391c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a48fe26 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a48fe26\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b3ab9dd\" data-id=\"b3ab9dd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bdc2155 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bdc2155\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3. METAMORPHISM<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8ad68b0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8ad68b0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-12f94c4\" data-id=\"12f94c4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-367d7ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"367d7ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"947\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Le-metamorphisme-.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10691\" alt=\"Metamorphism\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Le-metamorphisme-.png 947w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Le-metamorphisme--300x63.png 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Le-metamorphisme--768x162.png 768w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Le-metamorphisme--18x4.png 18w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Le-metamorphisme--80x17.png 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Le-metamorphisme--600x127.png 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Le-metamorphisme--64x14.png 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 947px) 100vw, 947px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7645d89 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7645d89\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d06ed2b\" data-id=\"d06ed2b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1dd26f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1dd26f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Metamorphism is the transformation of rocks into a solid state when they are buried several kilometres below the surface as a result of geodynamic phenomena. Metamorphism is therefore a process that affects all rock families (magmatic, sedimentary and metamorphic) under the action of high temperatures and pressures at depth. There are several types of metamorphism: subduction\/collision metamorphism during the formation of major mountain ranges (<em>see<\/em> display cases 5 &amp; 6), contact metamorphism (e.g. around a pluton (<em>see<\/em> Flamanville), impact metamorphism (for example when a meteorite falls) and hydrothermal metamorphism (or metasomatism). <em>see<\/em> window 10).<\/p><p>The showcase displays different sedimentary and magmatic rocks (limestone, granite, clay, basalt and gabbro) and their metamorphic equivalents (marble, gneiss, micaschist and eclogite). During metamorphism, for example, basalts or gabbros (which are magmatic rocks in the oceanic crust) are transformed into eclogites under the effect of pressure, temperature and depth. These \"pairs\" of rocks (e.g. limestone\/marble) have the same chemical composition (but different minerals).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-878e060 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"878e060\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-61c525c\" data-id=\"61c525c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b83bb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b83bb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><u>To find out more:<\/u><\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/8omTGVv-_hM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The different types of rock<\/a><\/li><li>Bouton, P., Roy, C., Viaud, J.-M. (2020). - Curiosit\u00e9s g\u00e9ologiques des plaines et bocages de Vend\u00e9e, Orl\u00e9ans, BRGM Editions, 120 p.<\/li><\/ul><p>Available from the SGF shop: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geosoc.fr\/boutique-en-ligne\/curiosit%C3%A9s-g%C3%A9ologiques\/curiosit%C3%A9s-g%C3%A9ologiques-des-plaines-et-bocages-de-vend%C3%A9e-detail.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.geosoc.fr\/boutique-en-ligne\/curiosit%C3%A9s-g%C3%A9ologiques\/curiosit%C3%A9s-g%C3%A9ologiques-des-plaines-et-bocages-de-vend%C3%A9e-detail.html<\/a><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>Collective (2015). - Regards crois\u00e9s sur le m\u00e9tamorphisme, <em>Geochronic<\/em>136, pp. 7-82<\/li><\/ul><p>Available from the SGF shop: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geosoc.fr\/boutique-en-ligne\/geochronique\/regards-crois%C3%A9s-sur-le-m%C3%A9tamorphisme-detail.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.geosoc.fr\/boutique-en-ligne\/geochronique\/regards-crois%C3%A9s-sur-le-m%C3%A9tamorphisme-detail.html<\/a><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>Nicollet, C. (2015). - M\u00e9tamorphisme et g\u00e9odynamique, Paris, Dunod, 301 p.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Robert C., Bousquet, R. (2013). - Geosciences: the dynamics of the Earth system, Paris, Belin, 1159 p.<\/li><\/ul><p>Available from the SGF shop: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geosoc.fr\/boutique-en-ligne\/nouveaut%C3%A9s\/g%C3%A9osciences-la-dynamique-du-syst%C3%A8me-terre-detail.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.geosoc.fr\/boutique-en-ligne\/nouveaut%C3%A9s\/g%C3%A9osciences-la-dynamique-du-syst%C3%A8me-terre-detail.html<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f10cdf2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f10cdf2\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-401abec\" data-id=\"401abec\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d2e171 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3d2e171\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3d160c0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3d160c0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0989c1a\" data-id=\"0989c1a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2660d02 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2660d02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4. NOTION OF FACIES<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-57a919a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"57a919a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a124f93\" data-id=\"a124f93\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d53dffd elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d53dffd\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-eefc666\" data-id=\"eefc666\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-756f13c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"756f13c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoCommentText\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">When a rock is subjected to particular conditions of pressure (P) and temperature (T) during metamorphism, it retains the same overall chemical composition but the minerals of which it is composed change. For example, a basalt (or gabbro) has the same chemical composition as an eclogite, but these rocks were not formed under the same P-T conditions. Depending on these conditions, a distinction is made between what are known as metamorphic \"facies\".<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bea939e\" data-id=\"bea939e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-788ef2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"788ef2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"556\" height=\"371\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/conditions.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10456\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/conditions.png 556w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/conditions-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/conditions-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/conditions-80x53.png 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/conditions-64x43.png 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 556px) 100vw, 556px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c74649 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c74649\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In 1911, Victor Goldschmidt studied a metamorphic rock formation in Norway and established for the first time a link between the equilibrium mineralogical assemblage of a metamorphic rock and its overall chemical composition.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0f55e09 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0f55e09\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0716bb9\" data-id=\"0716bb9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce92872 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ce92872\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"375\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Pentti-Eskola.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10457\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Pentti-Eskola.jpg 375w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Pentti-Eskola-300x240.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Pentti-Eskola-15x12.jpg 15w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Pentti-Eskola-80x64.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Pentti-Eskola-64x51.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 375px) 100vw, 375px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9671fef\" data-id=\"9671fef\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f5eb98 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f5eb98\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoCommentText\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">In 1915 in Norway, Pentti Eskola made the same observations. However, he found that certain metamorphic rocks with the same chemical composition had different mineralogical assemblages. He concluded that the difference between these assemblages reflected crystallisation under different PT conditions. He then defined the concept of facies in 1920 (even though he considered eclogites to be of magmatic origin).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9107ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b9107ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e30b83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7e30b83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Experimental confirmation of the formation of HP eclogites, and therefore of their deep-seated origin, came in the 1960s with the development of experimental petrology (Smulikowski, 1964; Coleman et al., 1965; Ringwood and Green, 1966; Newton and Smith, 1967).<br \/>The names of the 5 main metamorphic facies - greenschist (SV), blueschist (SB), amphibolite (AMPH), granulite (GRANU) and eclogite - correspond to the P-T domains defined for rocks of basaltic composition and are presented in this showcase. The presence (and absence) of certain minerals is characteristic of certain facies: blue amphibole (glaucophane) for the blue schist facies, garnet-pyroxene assemblage (+ absence of plagioclase) for the eclogitic facies (see list of characteristic minerals). <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8b210ab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8b210ab\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-85aac85\" data-id=\"85aac85\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51dec26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"51dec26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"397\" height=\"279\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Schiste-vert-a-epidote-de-lile-de-Groix-Bretagne-France.-\u00a9-C.-Francois.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10699\" alt=\"Epidote green shale from the island of Groix (Brittany, France). \u00a9 C. Fran\u00e7ois\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Schiste-vert-a-epidote-de-lile-de-Groix-Bretagne-France.-\u00a9-C.-Francois.jpg 397w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Schiste-vert-a-epidote-de-lile-de-Groix-Bretagne-France.-\u00a9-C.-Francois-300x211.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Schiste-vert-a-epidote-de-lile-de-Groix-Bretagne-France.-\u00a9-C.-Francois-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Schiste-vert-a-epidote-de-lile-de-Groix-Bretagne-France.-\u00a9-C.-Francois-80x56.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Schiste-vert-a-epidote-de-lile-de-Groix-Bretagne-France.-\u00a9-C.-Francois-64x45.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 397px) 100vw, 397px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Epidote green shale from the island of Groix (Brittany, France). \u00a9 C. Fran\u00e7ois<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1f0dfa2\" data-id=\"1f0dfa2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00f86b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"00f86b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"366\" height=\"275\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Schiste-bleu-a-glaucophane-epidote-et-grenat-de-lile-de-Groix-Bretagne-France.-\u00a9-C.-Francois.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10700\" alt=\"Blue schist with glaucophane, epidote and garnet from the island of Groix (Brittany, France). \u00a9 C. Fran\u00e7ois\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Schiste-bleu-a-glaucophane-epidote-et-grenat-de-lile-de-Groix-Bretagne-France.-\u00a9-C.-Francois.jpg 366w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Schiste-bleu-a-glaucophane-epidote-et-grenat-de-lile-de-Groix-Bretagne-France.-\u00a9-C.-Francois-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Schiste-bleu-a-glaucophane-epidote-et-grenat-de-lile-de-Groix-Bretagne-France.-\u00a9-C.-Francois-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Schiste-bleu-a-glaucophane-epidote-et-grenat-de-lile-de-Groix-Bretagne-France.-\u00a9-C.-Francois-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Schiste-bleu-a-glaucophane-epidote-et-grenat-de-lile-de-Groix-Bretagne-France.-\u00a9-C.-Francois-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 366px) 100vw, 366px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Blue schist with glaucophane, epidote and garnet from the island of Groix (Brittany, France). \u00a9 C. Fran\u00e7ois<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3096915\" data-id=\"3096915\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb3624b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cb3624b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"385\" height=\"289\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Eclogite-a-clinopyroxene-grenat-et-quartz-de-Verpeneset-Nordfjorden-Norvege.-\u00a9-D.C.-SMITH.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10701\" alt=\"Clinopyroxene, garnet and quartz eclogite from Verpeneset (Nordfjorden, Norway). \u00a9 D.C. SMITH\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Eclogite-a-clinopyroxene-grenat-et-quartz-de-Verpeneset-Nordfjorden-Norvege.-\u00a9-D.C.-SMITH.jpg 385w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Eclogite-a-clinopyroxene-grenat-et-quartz-de-Verpeneset-Nordfjorden-Norvege.-\u00a9-D.C.-SMITH-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Eclogite-a-clinopyroxene-grenat-et-quartz-de-Verpeneset-Nordfjorden-Norvege.-\u00a9-D.C.-SMITH-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Eclogite-a-clinopyroxene-grenat-et-quartz-de-Verpeneset-Nordfjorden-Norvege.-\u00a9-D.C.-SMITH-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Eclogite-a-clinopyroxene-grenat-et-quartz-de-Verpeneset-Nordfjorden-Norvege.-\u00a9-D.C.-SMITH-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 385px) 100vw, 385px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Clinopyroxene, garnet and quartz eclogite from Verpeneset (Nordfjorden, Norway). \u00a9 D.C. SMITH<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8d4a6e2 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8d4a6e2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ea01675\" data-id=\"ea01675\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-255dca3 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"255dca3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-21ceaa8\" data-id=\"21ceaa8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba9c757 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ba9c757\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"921\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/eclogite-a-disthene-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10462\" alt=\"kyanite eclogite\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/eclogite-a-disthene-1.jpg 900w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/eclogite-a-disthene-1-293x300.jpg 293w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/eclogite-a-disthene-1-768x786.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/eclogite-a-disthene-1-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/eclogite-a-disthene-1-78x80.jpg 78w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/eclogite-a-disthene-1-600x614.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/eclogite-a-disthene-1-64x65.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-09c7b12\" data-id=\"09c7b12\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45a62a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45a62a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><u>Main facies minerals (for a basic rock) :<\/u><\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Green schist\u00a0<\/strong>albite (white), chlorite and actinote (green) \u00b1 epidote (green)<\/p><p><strong>Blue shale\u00a0<\/strong>glaucophane (blue) and epidote (pistachio-green) \u00b1 garnet (red) \u00b1 lawsonite<\/p><p><strong>Amphibolite\u00a0<\/strong>amphibole (dark green), plagioclase (white) \u00b1 garnet (red)<\/p><p><strong>Granulite<\/strong>\u00a0quartz (colourless), feldspars (white and pink) \u00b1 hypersthene (dark honey), garnet (red)<\/p><p><strong>Eclogite<\/strong>\u00a0pyroxene (green: omphacite\/jadeite) and garnet (red)<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a9 T. Ferroir<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5629b23 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5629b23\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8599686\" data-id=\"8599686\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45d0544 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"45d0544\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><u>Book on display:<\/u><\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Eskola, P. (1920). - The mineral facies of rocks, <em>Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift<\/em>VI, pp. 143-194.<\/li><\/ul><p>Pentti Eskola (1883-1964) was a Finnish geologist who developed the concept of metamorphic facies. The first traces of this concept can be found in two of his publications in 1914 and 1915: \"In any metamorphic rock that has reached chemical equilibrium through metamorphism under conditions of constant temperature and pressure, the composition of the minerals is controlled solely by the chemical composition [of the rock]\". Eskola expanded on his idea in the following years (thanks in part to his meeting with Victor Goldschmidt) and proposed a classification of metamorphic facies in 1920.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong><u>To find out more:<\/u><\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Eskola, P. (1914). - On the petrology of the Orij\u00e4rvi region in southwestern Finland, <em>Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Finland<\/em>, 40, 277 p.<\/li><li>Eskola, P. (1915). - Om sambandet mellan kemisk och mineralogisk sammansattning hos Orijarvi-traktens metamorfe bergarter [On the relations between the chemical and mineralogical composition in the metamorphic rocks of the Orijarvi region], <em>Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Finland<\/em>44, pp. 109-145.<\/li><li>Eskola, P. (1929). - Om mineralfacies. <em>Geologiska Foreningens i Stockholm Forhandlingar<\/em>51, pp. 157-172.<\/li><li>Plunder, A. (2013). - The evolution of the concept of metamorphic facies under the influence of Pentti Eskola between 1915 and 1939, <em>Works of the French Committee for the History of Geology<\/em>T. XXVII<\/li><li>Smulikowski, K. (1964). The eclogite problem. <em>Geologia Sudetica<\/em>, <em>1<\/em>(1), 13-77.<\/li><li>Coleman, R. G., Lee, D. E., Beatty, L. B., &amp; Brannock, W. W. (1965). Eclogites and eclogites: their differences and similarities. <em>Geological Society of America Bulletin<\/em>, <em>76<\/em>(5), 483-508.<\/li><li>Ringwood, A. E., &amp; Green, D. H. (1966). An experimental investigation of the gabbro-eclogite transformation and some geophysical implications. <em>Tectonophysics<\/em>, <em>3<\/em>(5), 383-427.<\/li><li>Newton, R. C., &amp; Smith, J. V. (1967). Investigations concerning the breakdown of albite at depth in the earth. <em>The Journal of Geology<\/em>, <em>75<\/em>(3), 268-286.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong><u>Find out more about the eclogites from the island of Groix on display:<\/u><\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Graviou, P., J\u00e9gouzo P., Jonin, M., Plaine, J. (2014). - Bretagne, Guides g\u00e9ologiques, Montreuil, Omniscience, 256 p.<\/li><\/ul><p>Available from the SGF shop: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geosoc.fr\/boutique-en-ligne\/guides-g%C3%A9ologiques\/guides-g%C3%A9ologiques-bretagne-detail.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.geosoc.fr\/boutique-en-ligne\/guides-g%C3%A9ologiques\/guides-g%C3%A9ologiques-bretagne-detail.html<\/a><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>Graviou, P., Augier, R., Le Goff, E. (2019), Curiosit\u00e9s g\u00e9ologiques du Morbihan, Orl\u00e9ans, BRGM Editions, 120 p.<\/li><\/ul><p>Available from the SGF shop: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geosoc.fr\/boutique-en-ligne\/curiosit%C3%A9s-g%C3%A9ologiques\/curiosit%C3%A9s-g%C3%A9ologiques-du-morbihan-detail.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.geosoc.fr\/boutique-en-ligne\/curiosit%C3%A9s-g%C3%A9ologiques\/curiosit%C3%A9s-g%C3%A9ologiques-du-morbihan-detail.html<\/a><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>Michel Ball\u00e8vre. The island of Groix: an archive of Paleozoic subductions. <em>Geochronic<\/em>2022, 163, pp.10-13. <a href=\"https:\/\/hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr\/insu-03822077\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u27e8insu-03822077\u27e9<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0155942 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0155942\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ff246c0\" data-id=\"ff246c0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2a7841 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f2a7841\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8b9eb1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a8b9eb1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">5. LANDFILL<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f531694 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f531694\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d0bb869\" data-id=\"d0bb869\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6521d43 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6521d43\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ae88d8\" data-id=\"0ae88d8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39e57aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"39e57aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>During burial by subduction, the oceanic plate composed of basalt and gabbro and its clayey, sandy or carbonate sedimentary cover plunges under a continental or oceanic plate, resulting in a more rapid increase in pressure than in temperature.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c8892bf\" data-id=\"c8892bf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ca92ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9ca92ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"414\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Capture-1024x414.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10804\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Capture-1024x414.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Capture-300x121.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Capture-768x310.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Capture-18x7.jpg 18w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Capture-80x32.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Capture-600x242.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Capture-64x26.jpg 64w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Capture.jpg 1045w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e29c2aa elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e29c2aa\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-59eb592\" data-id=\"59eb592\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba0ec00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ba0ec00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"564\" height=\"433\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/conditions2.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10468\" alt=\"conditions2\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/conditions2.png 564w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/conditions2-300x230.png 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/conditions2-16x12.png 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/conditions2-80x61.png 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/conditions2-64x49.png 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 564px) 100vw, 564px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8257f8c\" data-id=\"8257f8c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68c7d6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"68c7d6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>COSEM S14<\/strong>\u00a0Blue shale: This rock comes from a lens of eclogite embedded in a unit of blue shale; these two types of rock were created under high pressure. The name blue schist is given to these rocks because they contain a violet-blue amphibole called glaucophane.\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>COSEM N11<\/strong>\u00a0This rock was a calcschist (schist of calcareous and clayey origin) but during the Alpine orogeny (= formation of the mountain range), it was metamorphosed (under static conditions) into an eclogitic facies and now contains large omphacite crystals and beautiful garnets intersecting the pre-existing foliation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1fa15f0 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1fa15f0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-477de4c\" data-id=\"477de4c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fd31a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5fd31a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>COSEM MV8<\/strong>\u00a0The white minerals (plagioclases) of the original gabbro became white minerals (zo\u00efsites) of the eclogitic facies. Smaragdite (from Latin <em>smaragdus<\/em>\u00a0which means emerald) is a sodic emerald-green clinopyroxene (omphacite) that is also rich in chromium (Cr).<\/p><p><strong>COSEM C51<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>br <\/strong>In this very high-pressure rock, micro-inclusions of coesite (a mineral composed of SiO<sub>2<\/sub>) are too small to be seen with the naked eye. Coesite is the equivalent of quartz (both minerals have the same chemical composition, i.e. SiO<sub>2<\/sub>) but coesite forms at higher pressures (&gt; 25 kbar,\u00a0<i>see<\/i>\u00a0window 12).<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>To find out more :<\/strong> The unit used in geology for pressure is the kilo bar (kbar) or the Giga Pascal (GPa). 1GPa=10 kbar. Normal atmospheric pressure is approximately 1 bar.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3c484b3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3c484b3\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e90ce4f\" data-id=\"e90ce4f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eace9c7 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"eace9c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e683782 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e683782\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">6 EXHUMATION<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-37a7bb3 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"37a7bb3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-81602ae\" data-id=\"81602ae\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9809bab elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9809bab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"329\" height=\"310\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/collision-continentale-.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10705\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/collision-continentale-.png 329w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/collision-continentale--300x283.png 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/collision-continentale--13x12.png 13w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/collision-continentale--80x75.png 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/collision-continentale--64x60.png 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 329px) 100vw, 329px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2f8a1f3\" data-id=\"2f8a1f3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f3c049 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6f3c049\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>After a subduction event, exhumation takes place as a result of major thrusting in compressional zones, continental collision zones (e.g. the collisions between India and Asia to create the Himalayas, or between Africa and Europe to create the Alps) or in metamorphic domes, known as Metamorphic Core Complexes (e.g. Tinos, Naxos in the Cyclades, Greece) where metamorphic rocks of deep origin rise up through normal faulting in extensional zones.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b941b22\" data-id=\"b941b22\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2d4de8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e2d4de8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"256\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/metamorphic-core-complex.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10706\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/metamorphic-core-complex.png 400w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/metamorphic-core-complex-300x192.png 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/metamorphic-core-complex-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/metamorphic-core-complex-80x51.png 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/metamorphic-core-complex-64x41.png 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3d6cf60 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3d6cf60\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-043a31a\" data-id=\"043a31a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be78a60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"be78a60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>F\/167 &amp; F\/166\u00a0<\/strong>These two rocks are blue schists retromorphosed (= transformed back into green schists during exhumation). Blue glaucophane and green epidote can be seen, and red garnet on sample F\/166.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b3469c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b3469c5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4430925\" data-id=\"4430925\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-661fdff elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"661fdff\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-415afde\" data-id=\"415afde\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c126ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c126ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>215.19&nbsp;<\/b>These are coronite rocks where the garnet begins to be eaten away by crowns of amphibole and where the sodium pyroxene, omphacite, destabilises into symplectites (= a particular texture where there is an intergrowth of 2 or more mineral phases, formed from pre-existing unstable phases) with diopside and sodium plagioclase (albite).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>COSEM G202<\/b>&nbsp;As a result of reduced pressure during exhumation, a red-green-white eclogite such as sample G202 is transformed into a black-grey-white amphibolite by retromorphosis (linked to the presence of mica, clinoamphibole and plagioclase), particularly towards the edges of the lens, which is in contact with the surrounding gneisses (<i>see<\/i> window 8).&nbsp;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8eda170\" data-id=\"8eda170\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53ff1d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"53ff1d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"734\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/tests-vitrines6-2-1024x734.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10942\" alt=\"exhumation\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/tests-vitrines6-2-1024x734.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/tests-vitrines6-2-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/tests-vitrines6-2-768x550.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/tests-vitrines6-2-1536x1101.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/tests-vitrines6-2-scaled.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/tests-vitrines6-2-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/tests-vitrines6-2-80x57.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/tests-vitrines6-2-600x430.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/tests-vitrines6-2-64x46.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e373b72 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e373b72\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-60ed9c9\" data-id=\"60ed9c9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74d1d6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"74d1d6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>COSEM G194\u00a0<\/strong>Eclogites whose overall chemical composition is rich in aluminium (Al) and calcium (Ca) contain zo\u00efsite. Here we see white zo\u00efsite, and the garnets and clinopyroxenes are darker than usual because they are richer in iron (Fe).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7fde1b5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7fde1b5\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96eb5cf\" data-id=\"96eb5cf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08052dc elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"08052dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9d3847 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d9d3847\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">7. RARE SAMPLES<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc17175 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc17175\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-598f8e7\" data-id=\"598f8e7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-f568fae elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f568fae\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-043d545\" data-id=\"043d545\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81afb4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"81afb4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>COSEM S21<\/strong>\u00a0The amphibole known as glaucophane was first discovered on the island of Syros (Greece). This locality is known as the \"type locality\" for glaucophane. The term comes from the ancient Greek\u00a0<em>\u03b3\u03bb\u03b1\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2<\/em>\u00a0(medium green to blue) or from the Latin\u00a0<em>glaucus<\/em>\u00a0(pale blue\/grey) and phanein, to shine. Nice glaucophane prisms can be seen on the surface of this sample.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6cfa299 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6cfa299\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e613955\" data-id=\"e613955\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a5651 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97a5651\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>COSEM<\/strong><strong> G103<\/strong>\u00a0Eclogites are often found in Norway where the two main minerals, garnets and clinopyroxenes, are segregated (= separated) in layers. Several mechanisms have been suggested to explain this phenomenon, such as: 1. the original rock was a bedded gabbro, or 2. under the effect of deformation, the clinopyroxene prisms slid while the rounder garnet grains rolled, gradually separating them (Smith, 1976).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc3aab9 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc3aab9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-381bf82\" data-id=\"381bf82\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4d7066 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b4d7066\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>COSEM<\/strong><strong> G128\u00a0<\/strong>In general, in Norwegian eclogites, clinoamphibole grains (which are quite black and can be stable in eclogite facies) are generally small. Here, it is exceptional to observe beautiful centimetric crystals of clinoamphibole.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong><u>To find out more:<\/u><\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Smith D. C. (1988). - A review of the peculiar mineralogy of the \"Norwegian coesite-eclogite province\", with crystal-chemical, petrological, geochemical and geodynamical notes and an extensive bibliography, <em>In:<\/em> Smith, D. C. (Ed.), Eclogites and Eclogite-Facies Rocks, <em>Developments in Petrology<\/em>9, Amsterdam, Elsevier, pp. 1-206<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1353e21 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1353e21\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"8\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6d2a20b\" data-id=\"6d2a20b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfe8f54 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dfe8f54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a56112d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a56112d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">8 The \"Western Gneiss\": Encasing eclogites <\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cfd3f25 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cfd3f25\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-06e767d\" data-id=\"06e767d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-22ff99f elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22ff99f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c6a6b30\" data-id=\"c6a6b30\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88f062d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"88f062d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The \"Western Gneiss Region\" (WGR) is an enormous mountainous geological unit over 300 km long (north-south) and over 100 km wide (east-west) in the south-western part of Norway (with narrower parts outcropping in the north of the country) near the Atlantic coast (see geological maps shown). These gneisses are mainly Precambrian rocks (older than 540 million years, or Ma), of various origins, which were metamorphosed during the \"Caledonian\" orogeny (around 420 Ma) when the continental blocks known as \"Laurentia\" (North America and Greenland) and \"Baltica\" (Scandinavia and Russia) collided (to find out more: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=v7KtuqDaPV0). These gneisses were then split in two by the opening of the Atlantic Ocean, with the result that part of them now outcrops on the east coast of Greenland.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-170438b elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"170438b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-76b503d\" data-id=\"76b503d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-382ddab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"382ddab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>These fairly diverse gneisses are often banded. The leucocratic (whitish) zones are rich in feldspars and the melanocratic (blackish) zones are rich in clinoamphiboles and\/or biotites. Magnetite is the most common \"accessory\" mineral. These ribbons are highly folded (sometimes isoclinal). Sometimes these rocks are sheared, cut by veins or partially melted, and are generally considered to have been metamorphosed in the amphibolite facies where the plagioclase + clinoamphibole pair predominates. Depending on the mineral species present and their texture, these gneisses are called, for example: dioritic or granodioritic gneiss; garnet amphibolite; garnet micaschist; kyanite or sillimanite amphibolite.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-c782501 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c782501\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b743c0c\" data-id=\"b743c0c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c1bce1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7c1bce1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Within this large WGR unit, the Norwegian eclogites outcrop in the form of boudins or, more often, lenses (known as \"lenses\" or \"pods\" in English). These lenses can range in length from just a few centimetres to over a kilometre! The WGR gneisses also contain lenses of peridotite (a rock from the Earth's mantle) and sometimes anorthosite.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d344364 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d344364\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6583727\" data-id=\"6583727\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e79108a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e79108a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>These eclogites are always retromorphosed in the amphibolite facies, especially at the edge of lenses in contact with the surrounding gneiss: the red and green colours of fresh eclogites change to dark green to black due to the formation of retrograde clinoamphiboles (=formed during retromorphosis; commonly called \"hornblende\", but sometimes there are other species such as pargasite etc.). These \"amphibolitized eclogites\" are composed of several types of symplectite (intercroissances of two or more mineralogical phases in very small grains that replace the previous mineral phase); the most characteristic symplectites are composed of {clinoamphibole + plagioclase} after the disappearance of clinopyroxene, or {clinoamphibole + magnetite} after the disappearance of garnet. Over time, the very small grains recrystallise into larger ones.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-f55e7ae elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f55e7ae\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-15fe670\" data-id=\"15fe670\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0aa66bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0aa66bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The percentage of amphibolitisation in a \"fresh\" eclogite can vary from 100 % at the contact with the host gneisses (which provided the water necessary for the recrystallisation of the clinoamphiboles) to 0 % at the centre of the lens where \"pristine\" eclogites are often seen. These rocks can be used to calculate the pressures and temperatures required for their crystallisation into eclogite facies, reflecting their subduction depth.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f270ee1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f270ee1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-56a5f6e\" data-id=\"56a5f6e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8bf98b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f8bf98b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"697\" height=\"523\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-lite-de-couleur-variee-comportant-plusieurs-lentilles-de-roches-basiques-de-taille-et-de-forme-variees-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10496\" alt=\"Lite gneiss of varied colour with several lenses of basic rock of varying size and shape.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-lite-de-couleur-variee-comportant-plusieurs-lentilles-de-roches-basiques-de-taille-et-de-forme-variees-1.jpg 697w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-lite-de-couleur-variee-comportant-plusieurs-lentilles-de-roches-basiques-de-taille-et-de-forme-variees-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-lite-de-couleur-variee-comportant-plusieurs-lentilles-de-roches-basiques-de-taille-et-de-forme-variees-1-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-lite-de-couleur-variee-comportant-plusieurs-lentilles-de-roches-basiques-de-taille-et-de-forme-variees-1-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-lite-de-couleur-variee-comportant-plusieurs-lentilles-de-roches-basiques-de-taille-et-de-forme-variees-1-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-lite-de-couleur-variee-comportant-plusieurs-lentilles-de-roches-basiques-de-taille-et-de-forme-variees-1-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 697px) 100vw, 697px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d7622e9\" data-id=\"d7622e9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6aebe27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6aebe27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"780\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Plusieurs-lentilles-declogite-ou-dautres-roches-basiques-encaissees-dans-le-gneiss-hote.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10499\" alt=\"Several lenses of eclogite or other basic rocks embedded in the host gneiss.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Plusieurs-lentilles-declogite-ou-dautres-roches-basiques-encaissees-dans-le-gneiss-hote.jpg 780w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Plusieurs-lentilles-declogite-ou-dautres-roches-basiques-encaissees-dans-le-gneiss-hote-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Plusieurs-lentilles-declogite-ou-dautres-roches-basiques-encaissees-dans-le-gneiss-hote-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Plusieurs-lentilles-declogite-ou-dautres-roches-basiques-encaissees-dans-le-gneiss-hote-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Plusieurs-lentilles-declogite-ou-dautres-roches-basiques-encaissees-dans-le-gneiss-hote-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Plusieurs-lentilles-declogite-ou-dautres-roches-basiques-encaissees-dans-le-gneiss-hote-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Plusieurs-lentilles-declogite-ou-dautres-roches-basiques-encaissees-dans-le-gneiss-hote-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-45568cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"45568cb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cd8874d\" data-id=\"cd8874d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43ff28d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43ff28d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lite gneiss of varied colour with several lenses of basic rocks (eclogites and amphibolites) of varying size and shape. \u00a9 D.C. SMITH<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96222b9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96222b9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4ea379\" data-id=\"c4ea379\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e38c0cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e38c0cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"775\" height=\"582\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Lentille-declogite-montrant-sa-zone-retrogradee-en-gris-fonce-a-cote-du-gneiss-hote.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10504\" alt=\"Eclogite lens showing its retrograde zone in dark grey next to the host gneiss.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Lentille-declogite-montrant-sa-zone-retrogradee-en-gris-fonce-a-cote-du-gneiss-hote.jpg 775w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Lentille-declogite-montrant-sa-zone-retrogradee-en-gris-fonce-a-cote-du-gneiss-hote-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Lentille-declogite-montrant-sa-zone-retrogradee-en-gris-fonce-a-cote-du-gneiss-hote-768x577.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Lentille-declogite-montrant-sa-zone-retrogradee-en-gris-fonce-a-cote-du-gneiss-hote-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Lentille-declogite-montrant-sa-zone-retrogradee-en-gris-fonce-a-cote-du-gneiss-hote-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Lentille-declogite-montrant-sa-zone-retrogradee-en-gris-fonce-a-cote-du-gneiss-hote-600x451.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Lentille-declogite-montrant-sa-zone-retrogradee-en-gris-fonce-a-cote-du-gneiss-hote-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 775px) 100vw, 775px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c47c2eb\" data-id=\"c47c2eb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd55276 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fd55276\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"770\" height=\"578\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Lentille-declogite-montrant-sa-zone-retrogradee-en-gris-fonce-a-cote-du-gneiss-hote-2-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10506\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Lentille-declogite-montrant-sa-zone-retrogradee-en-gris-fonce-a-cote-du-gneiss-hote-2-1.jpg 770w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Lentille-declogite-montrant-sa-zone-retrogradee-en-gris-fonce-a-cote-du-gneiss-hote-2-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Lentille-declogite-montrant-sa-zone-retrogradee-en-gris-fonce-a-cote-du-gneiss-hote-2-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Lentille-declogite-montrant-sa-zone-retrogradee-en-gris-fonce-a-cote-du-gneiss-hote-2-1-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Lentille-declogite-montrant-sa-zone-retrogradee-en-gris-fonce-a-cote-du-gneiss-hote-2-1-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Lentille-declogite-montrant-sa-zone-retrogradee-en-gris-fonce-a-cote-du-gneiss-hote-2-1-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Lentille-declogite-montrant-sa-zone-retrogradee-en-gris-fonce-a-cote-du-gneiss-hote-2-1-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-60f0719 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"60f0719\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eb386ff\" data-id=\"eb386ff\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6d3c74 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f6d3c74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Eclogite lens showing an amphibolitized zone (dark grey) at its edges in contact with the host gneiss \u00a9 D.C. SMITH<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-08ed6a2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"08ed6a2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b5bb5e5\" data-id=\"b5bb5e5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a9b2d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9a9b2d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"693\" height=\"520\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-oeille-avec-feldspath-rose.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10491\" alt=\"Ochre gneiss with pink feldspar.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-oeille-avec-feldspath-rose.jpg 693w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-oeille-avec-feldspath-rose-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-oeille-avec-feldspath-rose-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-oeille-avec-feldspath-rose-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-oeille-avec-feldspath-rose-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-oeille-avec-feldspath-rose-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 693px) 100vw, 693px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cd4ff59\" data-id=\"cd4ff59\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a41e10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1a41e10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"698\" height=\"524\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-a-veines-depidote-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10489\" alt=\"Gneiss with epidote veins.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-a-veines-depidote-1.jpg 698w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-a-veines-depidote-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-a-veines-depidote-1-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-a-veines-depidote-1-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-a-veines-depidote-1-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-a-veines-depidote-1-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 698px) 100vw, 698px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f57b9fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f57b9fd\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a2b5ac\" data-id=\"5a2b5ac\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb935a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fb935a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Aeolitic gneiss with deformed pink feldspar and gneiss with epidote veins \u00a9 D.C. SMITH<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e7738ad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e7738ad\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-090d723\" data-id=\"090d723\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c4c3f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9c4c3f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"692\" height=\"520\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-plisse-en-isoclines.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10490\" alt=\"Gneiss folded into isoclines.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-plisse-en-isoclines.jpg 692w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-plisse-en-isoclines-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-plisse-en-isoclines-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-plisse-en-isoclines-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-plisse-en-isoclines-600x451.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-plisse-en-isoclines-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 692px) 100vw, 692px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f176fdb\" data-id=\"f176fdb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8798468 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8798468\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"686\" height=\"515\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-erode-par-la-mer-1-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10498\" alt=\"Gneiss eroded by the sea!\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-erode-par-la-mer-1-1.jpg 686w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-erode-par-la-mer-1-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-erode-par-la-mer-1-1-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-erode-par-la-mer-1-1-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-erode-par-la-mer-1-1-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Gneiss-erode-par-la-mer-1-1-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 686px) 100vw, 686px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d21470b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d21470b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ddf595\" data-id=\"5ddf595\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0f64aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0f64aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gneiss folded into isoclines (fold axes parallel to each other) and gneiss eroded by the sea! \u00a9 D.C. SMITH<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1bb7d79 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1bb7d79\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ac60d35\" data-id=\"ac60d35\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc6d564 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fc6d564\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><u>Books on display:<\/u><\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Bryhni, I. (1966). - Reconnaissance studies of gneisses, ultrabasites, eclogites and anorthosites in Outer Nordfjord, Western Norway, <em>Norsk Geologisk Unders\u00f6kelse<\/em>, 241, 68 p.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Lappin, M. A. (1966). - Field relationships of basic and ultramafic masses in the basal gneiss complex of Stadlandet and Almklovdalen, Nordfjord, southwestern Norway,\u00a0<em>Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift<\/em>,\u00a0<em>4<\/em>pp. 439-496.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong><u>To find out more:<\/u><\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>Gjelsvik, T. (1951). - Oversikt over bergartene i Sunnm\u00f8re og tilgrensende deler av Nordfjord, <em>Norges geologiske unders\u00f8kelse<\/em>Nr. 179, 45 p. + 1 map<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Hacker, B. R., Andersen, T. B., Johnston, S., Kylander-Clark, A. R., Peterman, E. M., Walsh, E. O., &amp; Young, D. (2010). High-temperature deformation during continental-margin subduction &amp; exhumation: The ultrahigh-pressure Western Gneiss Region of Norway,\u00a0<em>Tectonophysics<\/em>480(1-4), pp. 149-171.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d33f97d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d33f97d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ff497a0\" data-id=\"ff497a0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-459372d elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"459372d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-753aab4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"753aab4\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ca3003c\" data-id=\"ca3003c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0713e37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0713e37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">9. ULTRABASIC ECLOGITES<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-8dc0808 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8dc0808\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-cc9e0a8\" data-id=\"cc9e0a8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca31e51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ca31e51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The rocks of the Earth's mantle are ultrabasic, i.e. low in silica (SiO<sub>2<\/sub>&lt;45%), and mainly composed of minerals rich in iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) such as olivine, clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene. The relative proportions of these three phases determine the different names of mantle rocks: dunite, peridotite, lherzolite, harzburgite, wehrlite, etc.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-17bbcc2\" data-id=\"17bbcc2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfbcac2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cfbcac2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"415\" height=\"253\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/ECLOGITES-ULTRABASIQUES.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10719\" alt=\"ULTRABASIC ECLOGITES\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/ECLOGITES-ULTRABASIQUES.png 415w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/ECLOGITES-ULTRABASIQUES-300x183.png 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/ECLOGITES-ULTRABASIQUES-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/ECLOGITES-ULTRABASIQUES-80x49.png 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/ECLOGITES-ULTRABASIQUES-64x39.png 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 415px) 100vw, 415px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42631f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"42631f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-18d1d52 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"18d1d52\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-79333e4\" data-id=\"79333e4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f563fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f563fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>These rocks formed in the Earth's mantle before being incorporated into the WGR. In the eclogitic facies, aluminous phases such as plagioclase and spinel are transformed into garnet at pressures approaching or exceeding 30 kbar, a pressure corresponding to a depth of more than 120 km, the distance between Paris and Orl\u00e9ans! (Mercy &amp; O'Hara, 1965; Medaris, 1980; Carswell, 1981; Cordellier et al., 1981), and graphite into diamond (Vrijmoed et al., 2008). The sample <strong>COSEM C35<\/strong> is a chromite dunite, a spinel rich in chromium (Cr). Sometimes clinopyroxene takes on a brighter green colour, due to its Cr content (sample <strong>COSEM R61a<\/strong>).\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cbb6665 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cbb6665\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>These ultrabasic rocks can be very fresh, pale green in colour (R61a), or dark green because they are retromorphosed when the pressure is reduced during exhumation. Olivine is transformed into serpentine by hydration, giving the rock a darker colour. On the other hand, meteoric alteration (alteration mainly due to rainwater and wind) at low surface temperatures produces a thin rust-coloured layer (<strong>COSEM R55<\/strong>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6578a1f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6578a1f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a952f19\" data-id=\"a952f19\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7045212 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7045212\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"690\" height=\"518\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Deux-couches-de-peridotite-a-grenat-Lien-Almklovdalen-Norvege-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10513\" alt=\"Two layers of garnet peridotite, Lien, Almklovdalen, Norway\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Deux-couches-de-peridotite-a-grenat-Lien-Almklovdalen-Norvege-2.jpg 690w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Deux-couches-de-peridotite-a-grenat-Lien-Almklovdalen-Norvege-2-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Deux-couches-de-peridotite-a-grenat-Lien-Almklovdalen-Norvege-2-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Deux-couches-de-peridotite-a-grenat-Lien-Almklovdalen-Norvege-2-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Deux-couches-de-peridotite-a-grenat-Lien-Almklovdalen-Norvege-2-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Deux-couches-de-peridotite-a-grenat-Lien-Almklovdalen-Norvege-2-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Garnet peridotite layer, Lien, Almklovdalen, Norway \u00a9 D.C. SMITH<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3361fdf\" data-id=\"3361fdf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eaea2cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"eaea2cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"591\" height=\"443\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/La-couche-avec-des-gros-Mg-riche-grenats-rouge-violace-et-des-Cr-riche-clinopyroxenes-vert-vif-le-Mg-riche-olivine-ayant-devenu-jaune-par-alteration.-Lien-Almklovdalen-Norvege.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10514\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/La-couche-avec-des-gros-Mg-riche-grenats-rouge-violace-et-des-Cr-riche-clinopyroxenes-vert-vif-le-Mg-riche-olivine-ayant-devenu-jaune-par-alteration.-Lien-Almklovdalen-Norvege.jpg 591w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/La-couche-avec-des-gros-Mg-riche-grenats-rouge-violace-et-des-Cr-riche-clinopyroxenes-vert-vif-le-Mg-riche-olivine-ayant-devenu-jaune-par-alteration.-Lien-Almklovdalen-Norvege-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/La-couche-avec-des-gros-Mg-riche-grenats-rouge-violace-et-des-Cr-riche-clinopyroxenes-vert-vif-le-Mg-riche-olivine-ayant-devenu-jaune-par-alteration.-Lien-Almklovdalen-Norvege-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/La-couche-avec-des-gros-Mg-riche-grenats-rouge-violace-et-des-Cr-riche-clinopyroxenes-vert-vif-le-Mg-riche-olivine-ayant-devenu-jaune-par-alteration.-Lien-Almklovdalen-Norvege-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/La-couche-avec-des-gros-Mg-riche-grenats-rouge-violace-et-des-Cr-riche-clinopyroxenes-vert-vif-le-Mg-riche-olivine-ayant-devenu-jaune-par-alteration.-Lien-Almklovdalen-Norvege-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 591px) 100vw, 591px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Layer containing large Mg-rich garnets (purplish red), Cr-rich clinopyroxenes (bright green) and Mg-rich olivines (which have turned yellow through alteration). Link, Almklovdalen, Norway \u00a9 D.C. SMITH<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-43effdb\" data-id=\"43effdb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65a62cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"65a62cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"564\" height=\"423\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Zoom-sur-la-couche-la-plus-jaune.-Lien-Almklovdalen-Norvege.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10515\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Zoom-sur-la-couche-la-plus-jaune.-Lien-Almklovdalen-Norvege.jpg 564w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Zoom-sur-la-couche-la-plus-jaune.-Lien-Almklovdalen-Norvege-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Zoom-sur-la-couche-la-plus-jaune.-Lien-Almklovdalen-Norvege-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Zoom-sur-la-couche-la-plus-jaune.-Lien-Almklovdalen-Norvege-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Zoom-sur-la-couche-la-plus-jaune.-Lien-Almklovdalen-Norvege-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 564px) 100vw, 564px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Zoom in on the yellowest layer. Link, Almklovdalen, Norway \u00a9 D.C. SMITH<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4f55767\" data-id=\"4f55767\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d9f571 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5d9f571\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"605\" height=\"454\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Peridotite-a-grenat-litee.-Hessdalen-Vartdal-Norvege.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10516\" alt=\"Bedded garnet peridotite. Hessdalen, Vartdal, Norway.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Peridotite-a-grenat-litee.-Hessdalen-Vartdal-Norvege.jpg 605w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Peridotite-a-grenat-litee.-Hessdalen-Vartdal-Norvege-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Peridotite-a-grenat-litee.-Hessdalen-Vartdal-Norvege-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Peridotite-a-grenat-litee.-Hessdalen-Vartdal-Norvege-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Peridotite-a-grenat-litee.-Hessdalen-Vartdal-Norvege-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Peridotite-a-grenat-litee.-Hessdalen-Vartdal-Norvege-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 605px) 100vw, 605px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Bedded garnet peridotite. Hessdalen, Vartdal, Norway \u00a9 D.C. SMITH<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-058c72e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"058c72e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c57bfee\" data-id=\"c57bfee\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f7904d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f7904d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><u>To find out more:<\/u><\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>Mercy, E. L. P., O'Hara, M. J. (1965). - Chemistry of some Garnet bearing rocks from south Norwegian peridotites, <em>Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift<\/em>45, pp. 323-332.<\/li><li>Medaris Jr, L. G. (1980). - Petrogenesis of the Lien peridotite and associated eclogites, Almklovdalen, western Norway, <em>Lithos<\/em>13, pp. 339-353.<\/li><li>Carswell, D. A. (1981). - Clarification of the petrology and occurrence of garnet lherzolites, gamet websterites and eclogite in the vicinity of R\u00f6dhaugen, Almklovdalen, West Norway, <em>Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift<\/em>61, pp. 249-260.<\/li><li>Cordellier, F., Boudier, F., Boullier, A. M. (1981). - Structural study of the Almklovdalen peridotite massif (southern Norway), <em>Tectonophysics<\/em>77(3-4), pp. 257-281<\/li><li>Vrijmoed, J. C., Smith, D. C., Roermund, H. L. M. van (2008). - Raman Confirmation of Microdiamond in the Svartberget Fe-Ti type garnet peridotite, Western Gneiss Region, Western Norway, <em>Terra Nova<\/em>20(4), pp. 295-301<\/li><li>Visit<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/pmRs7_wXPVk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> the Earth's internal structure<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1a594b5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1a594b5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bebc548\" data-id=\"bebc548\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1728cb6 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1728cb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-149c37b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"149c37b\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-30018c7\" data-id=\"30018c7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a115df0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a115df0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">10. REACTION BETWEEN GNEISS AND ULTRABASICS<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c85b9d elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7c85b9d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e3ed2a7\" data-id=\"e3ed2a7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7afc73c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7afc73c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>When a lens of peridotite is found within a gneiss unit such as the WGR, there are strong chemical contrasts between peridotite rich in Mg and Fe and poor in Si, Al, Ca, Na and H<sub>2<\/sub>O, and the surrounding gneiss, which have opposite chemical characteristics. During retromorphosis, ion-laden fluids circulate in the rocks, modifying their overall chemical composition, a process known as \"metasomatism\". This type of metamorphism (with the addition of fluids) involves recrystallisation (in an open system), creating a contact zone whose chemistry differs from that of the initial gneiss and peridotite. These reaction bands, often monomineral (composed of a single mineral), are called \"skarns\".<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-83cb718 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"83cb718\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5aad348\" data-id=\"5aad348\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f6c74a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8f6c74a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Metasomatism can create new monomineral rocks, such as the three samples in the showcase, collected at the edge of a peridotite. Rocks dominated by talc (<strong>COSEM B349<\/strong>called talcite or steatite), actinote amphibole (<strong>COSEM B354<\/strong>), and finally biotite mica (<strong>COSEM B356<\/strong>called biotitite). The latter has a crenulation texture (micro-folds formed during deformation).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a89edd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a89edd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>COSEM C142\u00a0<\/strong>This black rock, which looks like a lump of coal, outcrops at the edge of another peridotite that has been strongly hydrated by fluids from the surrounding gneisses.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a851bbe elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a851bbe\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-49f7647\" data-id=\"49f7647\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0a4401 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a0a4401\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"409\" height=\"483\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Omnen-Norvege.-\u00a9-D.C.-SMITH.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10725\" alt=\"Omnen, Norway \u00a9 D.C. SMITH\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Omnen-Norvege.-\u00a9-D.C.-SMITH.jpg 409w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Omnen-Norvege.-\u00a9-D.C.-SMITH-254x300.jpg 254w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Omnen-Norvege.-\u00a9-D.C.-SMITH-10x12.jpg 10w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Omnen-Norvege.-\u00a9-D.C.-SMITH-68x80.jpg 68w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Omnen-Norvege.-\u00a9-D.C.-SMITH-64x76.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 409px) 100vw, 409px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-caf5785\" data-id=\"caf5785\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2033c6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2033c6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The honey-beige mound (behind David) is a peridotite that has been partially metasomatised to form the rock composed of black amphibole (COSEM C142). Omnen locality, Norway \u00a9 D.C. SMITH<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8a6d97f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8a6d97f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-207ad3d\" data-id=\"207ad3d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53261df elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"53261df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0ef2710 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0ef2710\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"11\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f225a43\" data-id=\"f225a43\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-085517e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"085517e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">11. MAGNESIAN ECLOGITES and the origin of UHPM<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4fc183b elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4fc183b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f7d76a6\" data-id=\"f7d76a6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c67016f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c67016f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Eclogites with an overall composition rich in magnesium (Mg) and little hydration contain orthopyroxene, generally close to the enstatite pole and yellowish brown in colour. If, on the other hand, they are more hydrated, phlogopite mica appears; its colour is brown in thin sheets, and black in the rock. At Grytting, which has become famous since its description by Eskola (1921), eclogite crystals are quite large, sometimes 2 cm long, and with bright red (garnet) and green (clinopyroxene) colours. This rock was so prized for sale that the authorities had to prohibit any further harvesting (fortunately, David Smith and his colleague Michael Lappin had already collected their samples several years earlier!)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-3d9eba1 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3d9eba1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-fa99bc0\" data-id=\"fa99bc0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-980f08b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"980f08b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>By studying these rocks, Smith (1976) and Lappin &amp; Smith (1978) were able to analyse in detail the distribution of the elements Al, Mg and Fe between the different phases and thus calculate the crystallisation pressure of this paragenesis (association of minerals at equilibrium for a given pressure and temperature) stable between 30 and 40 kbar (i.e. a depth of more than 120 km). These values correspond to ultra-high pressure metamorphism (UHPM), before the discovery of coesite (<em>see<\/em> window 12). At the time, many geologists refused to believe in these ultra-high pressures. A few years later, David Smith discovered another phase in the same lens: magnesite. Recalculations by Lappin &amp; Smith (1981) again indicated these ultra-high pressures and, little by little, the world's geologists finally accepted the concept of UHPM, reinforced by the discoveries of coesite in Italy and Norway in 1984 (<em>see <\/em>windows 12 &amp; 13).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35ae50a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"35ae50a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Subsequently, eclogites created under very high pressure were described in several other countries (e.g. China, Greece, Kazakhstan), leading to the creation of a new sub-discipline in metamorphism: UHPM (Ultra High Pressure Metamorphism). Since then, diamond, another ultra-high pressure phase, has been discovered in eclogites from several countries in the form of micro-inclusions preserved in zircons (e.g. in Kazakhstan: Shatsky et al, 1989; in Norway: Vrijmoed et al., 2008).<\/p><p>These discoveries revealed burial depths during subduction of more than 140 km, revolutionising our beliefs about the burial process.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-601a6c0 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"601a6c0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-15e2082\" data-id=\"15e2082\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a62c2d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a62c2d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"539\" height=\"404\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/eclogite-fraiche-a-orthopyroxene.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10584\" alt=\"fresh orthopyroxene eclogite\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/eclogite-fraiche-a-orthopyroxene.jpg 539w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/eclogite-fraiche-a-orthopyroxene-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/eclogite-fraiche-a-orthopyroxene-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/eclogite-fraiche-a-orthopyroxene-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/eclogite-fraiche-a-orthopyroxene-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 539px) 100vw, 539px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-010784e\" data-id=\"010784e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ea502f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9ea502f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the magnificent fresh coarse-grained orthopyroxene eclogite described by Eskola (1921), there are large deep cavities (where a man stands), probably not eroded by the sea next door, but blasted by collectors. The black spots are lichens. Grytting, Selje, Norway \u00a9 D.C. SMITH<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-72bfcb8 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"72bfcb8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eaa2560\" data-id=\"eaa2560\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13de7d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"13de7d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the hydrated parts of this outcrop, orthopyroxene is often replaced by phlogopite (black with small grains in the centre and larger grains at the top). Sometimes the garnets are large and of gem quality. Grytting, Selje, Norway \u00a9 D.C. SMITH<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-819ca10\" data-id=\"819ca10\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a0de73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6a0de73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"533\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lorthopyroxene-est-souvent-remplace-par-la-phlogopite.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10585\" alt=\"orthopyroxene is often replaced by phlogopite\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lorthopyroxene-est-souvent-remplace-par-la-phlogopite.jpg 533w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lorthopyroxene-est-souvent-remplace-par-la-phlogopite-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lorthopyroxene-est-souvent-remplace-par-la-phlogopite-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lorthopyroxene-est-souvent-remplace-par-la-phlogopite-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lorthopyroxene-est-souvent-remplace-par-la-phlogopite-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 533px) 100vw, 533px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-44535aa elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"44535aa\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdcd88a\" data-id=\"fdcd88a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ea585 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"96ea585\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"576\" height=\"432\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/orthopyroxene-brun-jaune-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10587\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/orthopyroxene-brun-jaune-1.jpg 576w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/orthopyroxene-brun-jaune-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/orthopyroxene-brun-jaune-1-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/orthopyroxene-brun-jaune-1-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/orthopyroxene-brun-jaune-1-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8db7e7c\" data-id=\"8db7e7c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3c21d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b3c21d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In this same honey-coloured orthopyroxene eclogite, there are other, smaller grains of almost the same colour. This is magnesite (Mg carbonate), first described by Smith (1976). The black parts are lichens. Grytting, Selje, Norway \u00a9 D.C. SMITH<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-61ec426 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"61ec426\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4514278\" data-id=\"4514278\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4344d2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4344d2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Amphibolitisation of an eclogite (right: the dark green and white anthophyllite zone) and fresh eclogite (left: the inner zone showing honey-yellow-brown orthopyroxene, bright green clinopyroxene and red garnet) Grytting, Selje, Norway \u00a9 D.C. SMITH<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ede7d5d\" data-id=\"ede7d5d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e22c709 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e22c709\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"593\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Amphibolitisation.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10588\" alt=\"Amphibolitisation\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Amphibolitisation.jpg 593w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Amphibolitisation-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Amphibolitisation-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Amphibolitisation-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Amphibolitisation-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 593px) 100vw, 593px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a6ebfa0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a6ebfa0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-20b19c5\" data-id=\"20b19c5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-378becc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"378becc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><u>Book on display: <\/u><\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Eskola P. (1921). - On the eclogites of Norway, <em>Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter, I- Mathematisk-Naturvidenskapelig Klasse<\/em>, (8), 118 p.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong><u>To find out more:<\/u><\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>Smith, D. C. (1976). - The geology of the Vartdal Area, Sunnm\u00f6re, Norway, and the petrochemistry of the Sunnm\u00f6re Eclogite Suite, D. thesis, Aberdeen University, 750 p.<\/li><li>Lappin, M. A., Smith D. C. (1978). - Mantle-equilibrated orthopyroxene eclogite pods from the Basal Gneisses in the Selje District, Western Norway, <em>Journal of Petrology<\/em>19, pp. 530-584<\/li><li>Lappin, M. A., Smith D. C. (1981). - Carbonate, silicate and fluid relationships in eclogites, Selje District and environs, SW Norway, <em>Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences<\/em>72, pp. 171-193<\/li><li>Shatsky, V. S., Sobolev, N. V., Vavilov, M. A. (1995). - Diamond-bearing metamorphic rocks of the Kokchetav massif (Northern Kazakhstan), <em>In :<\/em> Coleman, R. G., Wang X. (Eds.), Ultrahigh Pressure Metamorphism, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 427-455<\/li><li>Vrijmoed, J. C., Smith, D. C., Roermund, H. L. M. van (2008). - Raman Confirmation of Microdiamond in the Svartberget Fe-Ti type garnet peridotite, Western Gneiss Region, Western Norway, <em>Terra Nova<\/em>20(4), pp. 295-301<\/li><li>Sobolev, N. V. (1987). Carbon mineral inclusions in garnets of metamorphic rocks. <em>Anuarul Institutului de Geologie si Geofizica<\/em>, <em>7<\/em>, 77-80.<\/li><li>Sobolev, N. V., &amp; Shatsky, V. S. (1990). Diamond inclusions in garnets from metamorphic rocks: a new environment for diamond formation. <em>Nature<\/em>, <em>343<\/em>(6260), 742-746.<\/li><li>Korsakov, A. V., Perraki, M., Zedgenizov, D. A., Bindi, L., Vandenabeele, P., Suzuki, A., &amp; Kagi, H. (2010). Diamond-graphite relationships in ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks from the Kokchetav Massif, Northern Kazakhstan. <em>Journal of Petrology<\/em>, <em>51<\/em>(3), 763-783.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a9df57 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a9df57\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d79f9b8\" data-id=\"d79f9b8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-393ea7a elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"393ea7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1f0a30d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1f0a30d\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e5ff236\" data-id=\"e5ff236\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-008565f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"008565f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">12 Siliceous and\/or aluminous ecologites and the UHPM<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-cd61285 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cd61285\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f350807\" data-id=\"f350807\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-257e523 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"257e523\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>SILICK ECLOGITES: COSEM R49 &amp; COSEM C51gt<\/strong><\/p><p>Eclogitic facies rocks contain not only garnet and clinopyroxene, but also accessory minerals such as rutile, apatite and\/or zircon. The presence of an excess of silicon (Si) at around 20 kbar pressure (at a depth of around 65 km) allows quartz to form, which is very common in eclogites around the world, as in the famous Verpeneset outcrop (R49).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-066b574 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"066b574\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-92f7086\" data-id=\"92f7086\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0191772 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0191772\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"554\" height=\"377\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/le-quartz-se-transforme-en-coesite.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10589\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/le-quartz-se-transforme-en-coesite.png 554w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/le-quartz-se-transforme-en-coesite-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/le-quartz-se-transforme-en-coesite-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/le-quartz-se-transforme-en-coesite-80x54.png 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/le-quartz-se-transforme-en-coesite-64x44.png 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 554px) 100vw, 554px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3ebca35\" data-id=\"3ebca35\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02f8527 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"02f8527\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Under the effect of pressure (and therefore depth), quartz is transformed into coesite (the very high-pressure \"polymorph\" of SiO<sub>2<\/sub>) from around 30 kbar. This mineral is characteristic of ultra-high pressure metamorphism (UHPM).<\/p><p>Coesite (centre) surrounded by a thin zone of late quartz included in a clinopyroxene which shows radial fractures related to decompression during exhumation. COSEM C51gt from Grytting. \u00a9 D.C. SMITH<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c98abaf elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c98abaf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-030eeca\" data-id=\"030eeca\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ac2208 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9ac2208\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0Diagram showing the different polymorphs of SiO<sub>2<\/sub> as a function of pressure and temperature.<\/p><p><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml>\n <o:DocumentProperties>\n  <o:Author>Camille Francois<\/o:Author>\n  <o:Keywords>DAFdKp1q8_I,BAEVWiMAnQg<\/o:Keywords>\n  <o:Version>16.00<\/o:Version>\n <\/o:DocumentProperties>\n <o:OfficeDocumentSettings>\n  <o:RelyOnVML\/>\n  <o:AllowPNG\/>\n <\/o:OfficeDocumentSettings>\n<\/xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml>\n <w:WordDocument>\n  <w:View>Normal<\/w:View>\n  <w:Zoom>0<\/w:Zoom>\n  <w:TrackMoves\/>\n  <w:TrackFormatting\/>\n  <w:DoNotShowComments\/>\n  <w:HyphenationZone>21<\/w:HyphenationZone>\n  <w:PunctuationKerning\/>\n  <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas\/>\n  <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false<\/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>\n  <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false<\/w:IgnoreMixedContent>\n  <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false<\/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>\n  <w:DoNotPromoteQF\/>\n  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SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"List 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"List 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"List 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"List Bullet 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"List Bullet 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"List Bullet 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"List Bullet 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"List Number 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"List Number 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"List Number 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"List Number 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"10\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Title\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Closing\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Signature\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"1\" SemiHidden=\"true\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Default Paragraph Font\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Body Text\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Body Text Indent\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"List Continue\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"List Continue 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"List Continue 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"List Continue 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"List Continue 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Message Header\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"11\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtitle\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Salutation\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Date\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Body Text First Indent\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Body Text First Indent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Note Heading\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Body Text 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Body Text 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Body Text Indent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Body Text Indent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Block Text\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Hyperlink\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"FollowedHyperlink\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"22\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Strong\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"20\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Emphasis\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Document Map\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Plain Text\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"E-mail Signature\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"HTML Top of Form\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"HTML Bottom of Form\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Normal (Web)\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"HTML Acronym\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"HTML Address\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"HTML Cite\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"HTML Code\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"HTML Definition\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"HTML Keyboard\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"HTML Preformatted\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"HTML Sample\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"HTML Typewriter\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"HTML Variable\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Normal Table\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"annotation subject\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"No List\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Outline List 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Outline List 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Outline List 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Simple 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Simple 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Simple 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Classic 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Classic 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Classic 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Classic 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Colorful 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Colorful 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Colorful 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Columns 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Columns 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Columns 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Columns 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Columns 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Grid 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Grid 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Grid 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Grid 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Grid 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Grid 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Grid 7\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Grid 8\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table List 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table List 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table List 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table List 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table List 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table List 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table List 7\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table List 8\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table 3D effects 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table 3D effects 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table 3D effects 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Contemporary\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Elegant\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Professional\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Subtle 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Subtle 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Web 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Web 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Web 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Balloon Text\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"Table Grid\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Theme\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" Name=\"Placeholder Text\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"1\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"No Spacing\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" Name=\"Revision\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"34\" QFormat=\"true\"\n   Name=\"List Paragraph\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"29\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Quote\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"30\" QFormat=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Intense Quote\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" QFormat=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" QFormat=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" QFormat=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" QFormat=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" SemiHidden=\"true\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" SemiHidden=\"true\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"41\" Name=\"Plain Table 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"42\" Name=\"Plain Table 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"43\" Name=\"Plain Table 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"44\" Name=\"Plain Table 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"45\" Name=\"Plain Table 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"40\" Name=\"Grid Table Light\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3\"\/>\n  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<w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\n   Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\n   Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\n   Name=\"List Table 1 Light Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"List Table 2 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"List Table 3 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\n   Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\n   Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\n   Name=\"List Table 1 Light Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"List Table 2 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"List Table 3 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\n   Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\n   Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6\"\/>\n <\/w:LatentStyles>\n<\/xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]>\n<style>\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Tableau Normal\";\n\tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n\tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n\tmso-style-noshow:yes;\n\tmso-style-priority:99;\n\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\n\tmso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\n\tmso-para-margin:0cm;\n\tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n\tline-height:12.0pt;\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;\n\tmso-fareast-language:EN-US;}\n<\/style>\n<![endif]--><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">\u00a9<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;\"> 2005-2013, A.C. Akhavan<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8d0ac1a\" data-id=\"8d0ac1a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de496f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"de496f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"444\" height=\"335\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Schema-representant-les-differents-polymorphes-de-SiO2.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10726\" alt=\"Diagram showing the different polymorphs of SiO2\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Schema-representant-les-differents-polymorphes-de-SiO2.png 444w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Schema-representant-les-differents-polymorphes-de-SiO2-300x226.png 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Schema-representant-les-differents-polymorphes-de-SiO2-16x12.png 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Schema-representant-les-differents-polymorphes-de-SiO2-80x60.png 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Schema-representant-les-differents-polymorphes-de-SiO2-64x48.png 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 444px) 100vw, 444px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-82541d9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"82541d9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fc71e67\" data-id=\"fc71e67\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1a8c29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1a8c29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In Norway, coesite was first discovered in 1984 throughout the Caledonian orogen by David Smith at Grytting (<strong>C51<\/strong>shown here as a drill core). By an incredible coincidence, this first lens of coesite eclogite is located 10 cm from the famous orthopyroxene eclogite from Eskola (1921) mentioned in showcase 11. Coesite had also been discovered in the Italian Alps by Christian Chopin (1984) a few months earlier. These coesites in micro-inclusions in garnets or clinopyroxenes testify to the burial of surface rock during the subduction process, at depths of more than 75 km, which was in itself a novelty. In addition, coesite in the Italian Alps was found in acid rocks (showcase 13), proving that granitic continental crust, which is less dense than oceanic basalts, can also subduct, which was a real paradigm shift in geodynamics (the study of the Earth's dynamics).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e6a2d80 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e6a2d80\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-056ec56\" data-id=\"056ec56\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03affbc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"03affbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>These coesite micro-inclusions were preserved during retromorphosis in the amphibolite facies by the hardness of the host mineral. However, radial or concentric fractures can be seen around the inclusions, linked to the increase in volume of the SiO<sub>2<\/sub> during the coesite =&gt; quartz transition on decompression.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d2f4709 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d2f4709\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e232fb7\" data-id=\"e232fb7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69a2d86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"69a2d86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"268\" height=\"379\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/coesite-inclue-dans-du-clinopyroxene.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10727\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/coesite-inclue-dans-du-clinopyroxene.jpg 268w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/coesite-inclue-dans-du-clinopyroxene-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/coesite-inclue-dans-du-clinopyroxene-8x12.jpg 8w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/coesite-inclue-dans-du-clinopyroxene-57x80.jpg 57w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/coesite-inclue-dans-du-clinopyroxene-64x91.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 268px) 100vw, 268px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8aacd49\" data-id=\"8aacd49\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-422fe4b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"422fe4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>These photos come from Smith (1988) and show several examples of coesite included in clinopyroxene (Smith, 1984) or garnet (Smith &amp; Lappin, 1989) (samples from Norway).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b84537a elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b84537a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6245f70\" data-id=\"6245f70\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a139cef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a139cef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In some quartz eclogites, the three species of the paragenesis clinopyroxene + garnet + quartz are not always in contact, since one or other species may be missing locally, depending on the nature of the protolith (= rock before metamorphism). This is why we can find a simple eclogite, or a quartz clinopyroxenite, or a quartz grenatite like C263.<\/p><p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p>Bedded quartz eclogite, Verpeneset, Nordfjorden, Norway \u00a9 D.C. SMITH<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7ab26d7\" data-id=\"7ab26d7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbe8020 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dbe8020\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"508\" height=\"381\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Eclogite-a-quartz-litee.-Verpeneset-Nordfjorden-Norvege.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10591\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Eclogite-a-quartz-litee.-Verpeneset-Nordfjorden-Norvege.jpg 508w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Eclogite-a-quartz-litee.-Verpeneset-Nordfjorden-Norvege-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Eclogite-a-quartz-litee.-Verpeneset-Nordfjorden-Norvege-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Eclogite-a-quartz-litee.-Verpeneset-Nordfjorden-Norvege-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Eclogite-a-quartz-litee.-Verpeneset-Nordfjorden-Norvege-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 508px) 100vw, 508px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fecd9ce elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fecd9ce\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-af5e2c0\" data-id=\"af5e2c0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf18390 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cf18390\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"338\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lentilles-declogites-retrogradees-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10593\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lentilles-declogites-retrogradees-1.jpg 450w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lentilles-declogites-retrogradees-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lentilles-declogites-retrogradees-1-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lentilles-declogites-retrogradees-1-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lentilles-declogites-retrogradees-1-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4a9a2d1\" data-id=\"4a9a2d1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e17feea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e17feea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The first outcrops of Norwegian coesite (included in clinopyroxene: Smith (1984) were found in a partially amphibolitised eclogite in a complex grey zone composed of lenses of retrograde (blackish) eclogite separated by layers of smooth, folded and also grey gneiss (like the pale rock under the right boot). Grytting, Selje, Norway \u00a9 D.C. SMITH<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5813ee8 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5813ee8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1598a03\" data-id=\"1598a03\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-158c64b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"158c64b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Norwegian coesite (included in garnet: Smith &amp; Lappin,\n1992) was also found in a quartz eclogite on the hilltop above Straumen.\nabove Straumen. Straumen, Sorpollen, Norway \u00a9 D.C. SMITH<span style=\"color:red;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-962e552\" data-id=\"962e552\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4df47d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4df47d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"452\" height=\"339\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/eclogite-a-coesite-en-Norvege.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10594\" alt=\"coesite eclogite in Norway\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/eclogite-a-coesite-en-Norvege.jpg 452w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/eclogite-a-coesite-en-Norvege-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/eclogite-a-coesite-en-Norvege-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/eclogite-a-coesite-en-Norvege-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/eclogite-a-coesite-en-Norvege-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 452px) 100vw, 452px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e6b0daa elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e6b0daa\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2553b4e\" data-id=\"2553b4e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf8083 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"daf8083\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"448\" height=\"338\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Eclogite-a-coesite-riche-en-grenat.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10595\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Eclogite-a-coesite-riche-en-grenat.jpg 448w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Eclogite-a-coesite-riche-en-grenat-300x226.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Eclogite-a-coesite-riche-en-grenat-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Eclogite-a-coesite-riche-en-grenat-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Eclogite-a-coesite-riche-en-grenat-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 448px) 100vw, 448px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a08cd4\" data-id=\"5a08cd4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d67a50a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d67a50a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Garnet-rich eclogite with coesite. Straumen, Sorpollen, Norway \u00a9 D.C. SMITH<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ceee9af elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ceee9af\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-46654c5\" data-id=\"46654c5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab46604 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ab46604\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>ALUMINIUM-RICH ECLOGITES: COSEM F36 &amp; COSEM N6<\/strong><\/p><p>Aluminium (Al)-rich eclogites may contain one or more aluminous mineral species, such as kyanite (= cyanite) first found in a Norwegian eclogite by Lappin (1960), potassium-rich phengite mica (K + Al), or calcium-rich zo\u00efsite (Ca + Al). The rock <strong>F36<\/strong>rich in phengite (high-pressure mica) and with a gneissic, almost schistose texture, was once a granite, eclogitised during the alpine orogeny. This is the rock in which David Smith discovered fluoroaluminous sphene (titanite), in which the {Ti+O} pair has been replaced by the {Al+F} pair. He carried out laboratory experiments in a piston cylinder up to pressures of 40 kbar showing that the {Al+F} content increased with pressure (Smith, 1981).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-293bf56 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"293bf56\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c454766\" data-id=\"c454766\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad8cd9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ad8cd9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Disthenes and phengites are common in Norwegian, Italian and German eclogites. Their retromorphosis in amphibolite facies gives characteristic symplectites: {corundum + plagioclase} in place of kyanite and {biotite + plagioclase} in place of phengite.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-64bcb51 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"64bcb51\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8e108d\" data-id=\"e8e108d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e6b120 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8e6b120\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the particular locality of St. Marcel where the eclogitised rocks are very rich in manganese (Mn), the minerals take on purplish colours such as violane (Mn-rich diopside) or alurgite (Mn-rich phengite) (<strong>N6<\/strong>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b3602c1 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b3602c1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-992aa43\" data-id=\"992aa43\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04622a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"04622a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"539\" height=\"404\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Eclogite-a-disthene-cyanite-en-bleu.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10596\" alt=\"Disthene eclogite (cyanite) in blue\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Eclogite-a-disthene-cyanite-en-bleu.jpg 539w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Eclogite-a-disthene-cyanite-en-bleu-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Eclogite-a-disthene-cyanite-en-bleu-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Eclogite-a-disthene-cyanite-en-bleu-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Eclogite-a-disthene-cyanite-en-bleu-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 539px) 100vw, 539px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-de86348\" data-id=\"de86348\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b4311a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0b4311a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Disthene eclogite (cyanite) in blue. Maaloy Island, Norway \u00a9 D.C. SMITH<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d13629d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d13629d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-795b9f0\" data-id=\"795b9f0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f82112 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2f82112\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><u>To find out more:<\/u><\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Eskola P. (1921). - On the eclogites of Norway, <em>Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter, I- Mathematisk-Naturvidenskapelig Klasse<\/em>, (8), 118 p.<\/li><li>Smith, D. C. (1984). Coesite in clinopyroxene in the Caledonides and its implications for geodynamics,\u00a0<em>Nature<\/em>310(5979), pp. 641-644.<\/li><li>Lappin, M. A. (1960) - On the occurrence of kyanite in the eclogites on the Selje and Aheim districts, Nordfjord, <em>Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, <\/em>40(3-4), pp. 289-296<\/li><li>Smith, D. C. (1981). - The pressure and temperature dependence of Al-solubility in titanite in the system Ti-Al-Ca-Si-O-F, <em>Progress in Experimental Petrology, NERC Publication Series D 1<\/em>8, pp. 193-197<\/li><li>Smith, D. C., Lappin, M. A. (1989). - Coesite in the Straumen kyanite-eclogite pod, Norway, <em>Terra Nova<\/em>1, pp. 47-56<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3cc738a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3cc738a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7d771ed\" data-id=\"7d771ed\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66a80c4 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"66a80c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8eb96ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8eb96ef\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"13\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-167d8a6\" data-id=\"167d8a6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-faba6ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"faba6ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">13 \"ACID\" ECLOGITES AND UHPM<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0688e9d elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0688e9d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7d975b0\" data-id=\"7d975b0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13bdecd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"13bdecd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 35.4pt;\">The term \"eclogite\" is normally restricted to rocks with an overall basic chemical composition. However, when acidic (= silica-rich) rocks, such as granites or clays, are subjected to eclogitic facies conditions of pressure and temperature, these rocks are commonly referred to as acid eclogites, even if garnet or clinopyroxene are locally missing due to a lack of Mg or Fe.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f106044 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f106044\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cf4ed12\" data-id=\"cf4ed12\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dca1056 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dca1056\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>At Dora Maira in the Italian Alps, there are some remarkable white micaschists (<strong>CC3<\/strong>whiteschists) containing garnet close to the pure magnesian pole (pyrope) and therefore colourless, but also kyanite, phengite, talc and rutile, as well as coesite (and late quartz).<\/p><p>Sometimes large single crystals of garnet are formed (<strong>DM22-32b &amp; DM19-09<\/strong>). It was in such single crystals that Christian Chopin discovered in 1984 the micro-inclusions of coesite that are indicative of UHPM. In addition to coesite, these large pyropes contain micro-inclusions of several other phases: kyanite, talc, clinochlore, ellenbergerite and rutile (<strong>CC2<\/strong>). <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c9c6f9b\" data-id=\"c9c6f9b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-679ab0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"679ab0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"774\" height=\"761\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/coesite-et-pyrope.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10610\" alt=\"coesite and pyrope\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/coesite-et-pyrope.png 774w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/coesite-et-pyrope-300x295.png 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/coesite-et-pyrope-768x755.png 768w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/coesite-et-pyrope-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/coesite-et-pyrope-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/coesite-et-pyrope-600x590.png 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/coesite-et-pyrope-64x63.png 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 774px) 100vw, 774px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a0d19bd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a0d19bd\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fac1a4c\" data-id=\"fac1a4c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff411e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ff411e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>DM22-32b<\/strong>\u00a0This sample is a whole garnet of decimetric size, with some crystallographic faces visible. Its pale pink colour is linked to its unusual chemistry, poor in iron and rich in magnesium, which can only be formed at temperatures above 700\u00b0C (on loan from Guillaume Bonnet).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1fe654b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1fe654b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e28c288\" data-id=\"e28c288\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e1facc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9e1facc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>DM19-09<\/strong>\u00a0This sample is a slice from a garnet equivalent to the previous sample. Among the many minerals included in these garnets, the presence of coesite makes it possible to estimate formation depths of around one hundred kilometres (on loan from Guillaume Bonnet).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a743bc8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a743bc8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-26ab73f\" data-id=\"26ab73f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3985c17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3985c17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><u>The book is displayed in a window:<\/u><\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Coleman, R. G., Wang, X. (1995). - Ultrahigh pressure Metamoprhism, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 528 p.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong><u>Find out more: <\/u><\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Chopin, C. (1984). - Coesite and pure pyrope in high-grade blueschists of the Western Alps: a first record and some consequences.\u00a0<em>Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology<\/em>86, pp. 107-118.<\/li><li>Michard, A., Henry, C., Chopin, C. (1995). - Structures in UHPM Rocks: a case study from the Alps, <em>In<\/em>Ultrahigh pressure Metamoprhism, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 132-158<\/li><li>Compagnoni, R., Hirajima, T., Chopin, C. (1995). - Ultra-high pressure metamorphic rocks in the Western Alps, <em>In<\/em>Ultrahigh pressure Metamoprhism, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 206-243<\/li><li>Smith, D. C. (1995). - Microcoesites and microdiamonds in Norway, an overview, <em>In<\/em>Ultrahigh pressure Metamoprhism, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 299-355<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-259317b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"259317b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2f87099\" data-id=\"2f87099\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d64d37b elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"d64d37b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2e728c1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2e728c1\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"14\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f24c220\" data-id=\"f24c220\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0e3cca elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c0e3cca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">14. UNUSUAL TEXTURES OF ECLOGITES IN NORWAY<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-c15ee9e elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c15ee9e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c141438\" data-id=\"c141438\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-203f2c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"203f2c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The textures of eclogites vary enormously depending on the initial texture of the protolith (the original rock before metamorphism), the various metamorphic reactions and any deformation.<\/p><p><strong>COSEM R36a<\/strong>\u00a0This sample consists of a part rich in fairly pure clinopyroxenes in small grains (accompanied by rare small garnet crystals), intersected by a layer where the garnets are concentrated in the form of a vein.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01df243 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"01df243\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\">In the sample <b>COSEM B345<\/b>garnets and pyroxenes are\nboudin\u00e9 sous l'effet d'une d\u00e9formation dans le faci\u00e8s \u00e9clogitique, formant de\nbeautiful red and green stripes.<o:p><\/o:p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8940af elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8940af\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-95e7ec1\" data-id=\"95e7ec1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad79c4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ad79c4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"275\" height=\"367\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Aarsheimneset-Stadlandet-Norvege.-\u00a9-D.C.-SMITH.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10728\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Aarsheimneset-Stadlandet-Norvege.-\u00a9-D.C.-SMITH.jpg 275w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Aarsheimneset-Stadlandet-Norvege.-\u00a9-D.C.-SMITH-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Aarsheimneset-Stadlandet-Norvege.-\u00a9-D.C.-SMITH-9x12.jpg 9w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Aarsheimneset-Stadlandet-Norvege.-\u00a9-D.C.-SMITH-60x80.jpg 60w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Aarsheimneset-Stadlandet-Norvege.-\u00a9-D.C.-SMITH-64x85.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d5e7cb5\" data-id=\"d5e7cb5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa0f414 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fa0f414\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The rock <strong>COSEM L77<\/strong> shows garnet lamellae 0.5 to 3 mm thick that have been exsolved (= separated) in large orthopyroxene crystals. Exsolved lamellae (= separation of constituents initially united in a homogeneous phase) are generally 10 or 100 times thinner, and visible only under a microscope. Exsolution is a common phenomenon when the temperature drops and certain atoms, which were previously stable together in a single phase, become unstable, causing them to separate and create a new, distinct phase. Here, the excess aluminium dissolved in the orthopyroxene is trapped in new grains of garnet (a mineral richer in Al) crystallised in the form of lamellae. Elsewhere in the outcrop, orthopyroxenes sometimes appear as megacrysts over 10 cm in size, which has never been described in an eclogite. This sample was collected from the centre of this fold (see photo). The rock seen here is part of a large lens of orthopyroxene eclogite covered by algae and\/or lichens, as it is located by the sea. It is also evidence of significant early deformation within an eclogite lens, so that this intense folding is uncorrelated with the deformation of the host gneisses. Aarsheimneset, Stadlandet, Norway \u00a9 D.C. SMITH<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6538b3e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6538b3e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d5f7ef6\" data-id=\"d5f7ef6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b753c83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b753c83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"597\" height=\"448\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lamelles-de-grenat-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10612\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lamelles-de-grenat-2.jpg 597w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lamelles-de-grenat-2-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lamelles-de-grenat-2-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lamelles-de-grenat-2-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lamelles-de-grenat-2-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 597px) 100vw, 597px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-02fb416\" data-id=\"02fb416\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-607a22c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"607a22c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"451\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lamelles-de-grenat-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10611\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lamelles-de-grenat-1.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lamelles-de-grenat-1-300x226.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lamelles-de-grenat-1-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lamelles-de-grenat-1-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lamelles-de-grenat-1-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7970acf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7970acf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a8d0745\" data-id=\"a8d0745\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e6bbb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2e6bbb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Photographs of a thin slide (sample COSEM C49 not shown here) showing garnet lamellae (pink in colour and 0.5-3 mm thick) exsolved from a transparent orthopyroxene single crystal (as in sample COSEM L77). \u00a9 D.C. SMITH<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-70e3488 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"70e3488\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-63d4707\" data-id=\"63d4707\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48a26bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"48a26bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>COSEM LP-93i<\/strong>\u00a0This rock comes from a lens of fresh eclogite with kyanite. However, the very small kyanites are almost invisible without a microscope. It has an attractive bedded texture with small grains of garnet and clinopyroxene.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-63eb1cc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"63eb1cc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b5ab6b3\" data-id=\"b5ab6b3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67c6d96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"67c6d96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>COSEM R80 : <\/strong>This rock has the coronite texture of a gabbro, partly inherited from its plutonic texture. For information, this sample has not yet been studied in thin sections, so the main minerals have not yet been identified.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d6fa6e3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d6fa6e3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6f51d97\" data-id=\"6f51d97\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2940eb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2940eb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>COSEM G184\u00a0<\/strong>(not on display) :<\/p><p>The long, narrow micas, here birefringent (magenta-coloured), are very rare sodic-magnesian mica. <strong>preiswerkite<\/strong> composition: Na2Mg4Al2(Al4Si4O20)(OH)4. It was discovered in Norway at Liset by David Smith in an eclogite that had undergone severe retrogradation to amphibolite. These preiswerkites are surrounded by small grains of albitic plagioclase in a matrix rich in magnetite cubes. On the left of the photo, a cryptocrystalline symplectite including corundum and plagioclase.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-920782c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"920782c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7494a8c\" data-id=\"7494a8c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45f8bfc elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"45f8bfc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/symplectite-1024x768.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10635\" alt=\"symplectite\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/symplectite-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/symplectite-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/symplectite-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/symplectite-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/symplectite-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/symplectite-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/symplectite-64x48.jpg 64w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/symplectite.jpg 1164w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c20be64\" data-id=\"c20be64\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bc3b53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1bc3b53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"672\" height=\"504\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Picture-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10647\" alt=\"The taramite\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Picture-1.jpg 672w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Picture-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Picture-1-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Picture-1-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Picture-1-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Picture-1-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 672px) 100vw, 672px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fff951c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fff951c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ab523a\" data-id=\"1ab523a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94a5fc7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"94a5fc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a9 D.C. SMITH<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-225d4fb elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"225d4fb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-057d913\" data-id=\"057d913\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eb330c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0eb330c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"241\" height=\"283\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Exsolution-de-lamelles-de-quartz-dun-clinopyroxene.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10759\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Exsolution-de-lamelles-de-quartz-dun-clinopyroxene.jpg 241w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Exsolution-de-lamelles-de-quartz-dun-clinopyroxene-10x12.jpg 10w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Exsolution-de-lamelles-de-quartz-dun-clinopyroxene-68x80.jpg 68w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Exsolution-de-lamelles-de-quartz-dun-clinopyroxene-64x75.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 241px) 100vw, 241px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5aeed4f\" data-id=\"5aeed4f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08acb1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"08acb1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This photo shows narrow needles of exsolved quartz (2-20 \u00b5m thick) in a clinopyroxene from an eclogite collected at Rendeelven, Liverpool Land, in East Greenland (sample COSEM GD104406 not shown in the display case; Smith &amp; Cheeney, 1980). Previously, this pyroxene was \"supersilicic\" (containing more Si than normal stoichiometry), which may indicate very high initial pressures (Smith, 1982, 2006).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fbfdafa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fbfdafa\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-142de8c\" data-id=\"142de8c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cbfcc7c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cbfcc7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><u>Find out more:<\/u><\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Smith D. C. (1988). - A review of the peculiar mineralogy of the \"Norwegian coesite-eclogite province\", with crystal-chemical, petrological, geochemical and geodynamical notes and an extensive bibliography, <em>In:<\/em> Smith, D. C. (Ed.), Eclogites and Eclogite-Facies Rocks, <em>Developments in Petrology<\/em>12, pp. 1-206<\/li><li>Smith, D. C., Cheeney, R. F. (1980). - Orientated needles of quartz in clinopyroxene: evidence for exsolution of SiO2from a non-stoichiometric supersilicic \"clinopyroxene\", <em>26th International Geological Congress, Paris, Abstracts<\/em>, p. 145<\/li><li>Smith D. C (1982).<strong> &#8211; <\/strong>On the characterisation and credibility of supersilicic, stoichiometric and subsilicic pyroxenes, Third International Kimberlite Conference, <em>Terra Cognita<\/em>, 2(3), p. 223.<\/li><li>Smith, D. C. (1986). - The SHAND quaternary system for evaluating the supersilicic or subsilicic crystal-chemistry of eclogite minerals, and potential new UHPM pyroxene and garnet end-members, <em>Mineralogy and Petrology<\/em>, <em>88<\/em>pp. 87-122<\/li><li>Oberti, R., Ungaretti, L., Tlili, A., Smith, D. C., Robert, J.-L. (1993). - The crystal structure of preiswerkite, <em>American Mineralogist<\/em>, 78, pp. 1290-1298<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1738a95 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1738a95\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3b07eb3\" data-id=\"3b07eb3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c44f9f8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c44f9f8\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"15\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-696ff9a\" data-id=\"696ff9a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb61d62 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bb61d62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">15. NEW OR RARE MINERAL SPECIES DISCOVERED IN THE ECLOGITES OF NORWAY<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fddd78 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1fddd78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4563b3e elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4563b3e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-23fc0a4\" data-id=\"23fc0a4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c36eed elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1c36eed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"283\" height=\"649\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/magnesio-alumino-taramite-1-e1685012031786.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10762\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/magnesio-alumino-taramite-1-e1685012031786.jpg 283w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/magnesio-alumino-taramite-1-e1685012031786-131x300.jpg 131w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/magnesio-alumino-taramite-1-e1685012031786-5x12.jpg 5w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/magnesio-alumino-taramite-1-e1685012031786-35x80.jpg 35w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/magnesio-alumino-taramite-1-e1685012031786-64x147.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 283px) 100vw, 283px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-99d1fff\" data-id=\"99d1fff\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dcd109 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8dcd109\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The eclogite outcropping at Nyb\u00f6 contains orthopyroxene and is therefore magnesian. Like many other lenses, it changes from very fresh to very retrograde eclogitic paragenesis. The upper part of this sample (<strong>COSEM G230d<\/strong>) is composed of garnet, often rounded, in a bedded matrix of small clinopyroxene prisms. Here the proportion of jadeite (Jd) is around 40 %, and around 60 % of {diopside + hedenbergite}, i.e. an omphacite. When we look at the lowest levels, the garnets become rarer and disappear completely, while the proportion of jadeite (Jd) in the clinopyroxene gradually increases to 73 %. This was the highest value known in Norway at the time (1980), approaching 80 % of Jd, which is the limit for the name jadeite (instead of omphacite).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee7464a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ee7464a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>There are also tiny crystals of clinoamphibole in the lower part, whose chemical composition is unknown in the literature. This is the \"\u00a0<strong>nyboite\u00a0<\/strong>\"A new species discovered by David Smith (and approved by the IMA: International Mineralogical Association): a clinoamphibole with a maximum possible Na content, and the IMA has approved it as a new mineral species. Its name refers to the place where it was discovered.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f20655c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f20655c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>At the bottom, the darker part is downgraded to {plagioclase + clinoamphibole}, but this last phase has also been shown to be a new species: the \"\u00a0<strong>magnesio-alumino-taramite<\/strong>\u00a0\". This name was imposed by the IMA.<\/p><p>\u00a9 D.C. SMITH<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9c729da elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9c729da\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bde6f62\" data-id=\"bde6f62\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c06ad77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c06ad77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><p>A drawing of the crystal structure of the new mineral species <strong>nyb\u00f6ite <\/strong>discovered in the eclogite at Nyb\u00f6 and published in Ungaretti et al (1981). Nyb\u00f6ite is a very sodic and very aluminous amphibole: NaNa<sub>2<\/sub>Mg<sub>3<\/sub>Al<sup>vi<\/sup><sub>2<\/sub>If<sub>7<\/sub>Al<sup>iv<\/sup>O<sub>22<\/sub>(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>. This extreme composition did not exist in the IMA classification at the time. Like glaucophane, its Al<sup>vi<\/sup> in octahedral sites indicates that high pressures of blue schist or eclogite facies are necessary for its crystallisation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-32dd877\" data-id=\"32dd877\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b25a31b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b25a31b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"899\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/dessin-de-la-structure-cristalline-de-la-nouvelle-espece-minerale-nyboite-1024x899.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10638\" alt=\"drawing of the crystal structure of the new mineral species nyb\u00f6ite\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/dessin-de-la-structure-cristalline-de-la-nouvelle-espece-minerale-nyboite-1024x899.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/dessin-de-la-structure-cristalline-de-la-nouvelle-espece-minerale-nyboite-300x263.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/dessin-de-la-structure-cristalline-de-la-nouvelle-espece-minerale-nyboite-768x674.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/dessin-de-la-structure-cristalline-de-la-nouvelle-espece-minerale-nyboite-1536x1348.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/dessin-de-la-structure-cristalline-de-la-nouvelle-espece-minerale-nyboite-scaled.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/dessin-de-la-structure-cristalline-de-la-nouvelle-espece-minerale-nyboite-14x12.jpg 14w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/dessin-de-la-structure-cristalline-de-la-nouvelle-espece-minerale-nyboite-80x70.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/dessin-de-la-structure-cristalline-de-la-nouvelle-espece-minerale-nyboite-600x527.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/dessin-de-la-structure-cristalline-de-la-nouvelle-espece-minerale-nyboite-64x56.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0f043d1 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0f043d1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-11894b0\" data-id=\"11894b0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fe299a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9fe299a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"629\" height=\"436\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/microphotographie-en-lumiere-naturelle-la-nyboite.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10646\" alt=\"microphotography in natural light la nyb\u00f6ite\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/microphotographie-en-lumiere-naturelle-la-nyboite.png 629w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/microphotographie-en-lumiere-naturelle-la-nyboite-300x208.png 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/microphotographie-en-lumiere-naturelle-la-nyboite-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/microphotographie-en-lumiere-naturelle-la-nyboite-80x55.png 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/microphotographie-en-lumiere-naturelle-la-nyboite-600x416.png 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/microphotographie-en-lumiere-naturelle-la-nyboite-64x44.png 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 629px) 100vw, 629px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-93f8fd5\" data-id=\"93f8fd5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ae28da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ae28da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The <strong>nyb\u00f6ite<\/strong>\u00a0initially discovered in the Nyb\u00f6 eclogites, was later discovered in the Liset eclogites in the form of larger grains. In this natural light microphotograph, Nyb\u00f6ite appears as large violet-grey grains (similar to glaucophane but less blue). It often contains inclusions of garnet (yellowish) or clinopyroxene (white), assembled in equilibrium in the eclogite facies. Garnets and clinopyroxenes are fresh except along fractures or blackish clusters of symplectic indicating the start of retrograde metamorphism.<\/p><p>\u00a9 D.C. SMITH<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7627dff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7627dff\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fed2b37\" data-id=\"fed2b37\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51ad97c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"51ad97c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4f183b3 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4f183b3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-52c166f\" data-id=\"52c166f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07b1afe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"07b1afe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>(Magnesio-alumino-) taramite<\/strong> is also a clinoamphibole with a composition of NaNaCaMg<sub>3<\/sub>Al<sup>vi<\/sup><sub>2<\/sub>If<sub>6<\/sub>Al<sup>iv<\/sup><sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>22<\/sub>(OH)<sub>2 <\/sub>close to that of nyb\u00f6ite. Its high Al<sup>iv<\/sup> indicates that it needs less pressure than nyb\u00f6ite to crystallise. At Nyb\u00f6, it is therefore found in very small grains in the retrograde zones, replacing the initial clinopyroxene and nyb\u00f6ite. At Liset, there is much more taramite, still in symplectite with plagioclase, but in larger grains and strongly green (see this photo \u00a9 D.C. SMITH and the following window).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-65eeacf\" data-id=\"65eeacf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce20b53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ce20b53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"656\" height=\"491\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Taramite.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10649\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Taramite.png 656w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Taramite-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Taramite-16x12.png 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Taramite-80x60.png 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Taramite-600x449.png 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Taramite-64x48.png 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 656px) 100vw, 656px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-59c6b87 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"59c6b87\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2efc56c\" data-id=\"2efc56c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a1ac68 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a1ac68\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc6a982\" data-id=\"dc6a982\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31da6fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"31da6fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As in many other clinoamphiboles, the MgAl couple can be replaced by Fe<sup>2+<\/sup>Al, MgFe<sup>3+<\/sup> or Fe<sup>2+<\/sup>Fe<sup>3+<\/sup>taramite, so that one of the prefixes magnesio-alumino, ferro-alumino, magnesio-ferri- or ferro-ferri- must be added to the basic name taramite, where appropriate. Ferro-ferri taramite has been known for a long time, but the world's first magnesio-alumino-taramite (Ungaretti et al., 1981) was discovered at Nyb\u00f6 (with nyb\u00f6ite), and the world's first ferro-alumino-taramite was discovered at Liset (with lisetite) (Ungaretti et al., 1985).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ce31779 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ce31779\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-53d9e96\" data-id=\"53d9e96\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-008cb80 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"008cb80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:90,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;deg&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;deg&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"270\" height=\"319\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/projection.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10763\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/projection.jpg 270w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/projection-254x300.jpg 254w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/projection-10x12.jpg 10w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/projection-68x80.jpg 68w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/projection-64x76.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 270px) 100vw, 270px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b37d510\" data-id=\"b37d510\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51366a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"51366a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In this projection showing the compositions of clinoamphiboles, nyb\u00f6ite and taramite are at the top back (nybo &amp; tara), far removed in composition from tremolite (bottom left) at the origin of this 3-dimensional crystallochemical diagram (de Smith, 1988).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f402f7d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f402f7d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-27f1636\" data-id=\"27f1636\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-de1da81 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"de1da81\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-90178ad\" data-id=\"90178ad\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2aeda6c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2aeda6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>COSEM C137<\/b>\u00a0At first glance, this rock looks like<br \/>a typical eclogite with red garnets and green clinopyroxenes in layers<br \/>alternating. However, it is mottled with small black grains.<br \/>These are not clinoamphiboles, but tourmalines of the composition<br \/>between <b>dravite and uvite<\/b> (very rare) (Smith, 1971, 1988). This is the<br \/>the world's first tourmaline eclogite. It also contains orthopyroxene.<br \/>and clinoamphibole. The boron content of this tourmaline indicates a<br \/>initial source in the continental crust which was subducted and then<br \/>exhumed. The dravite \/ uvite transition (NaAl replaces CaMg, as between<br \/>diopside and jadeite) indicates high pressure.\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Table of rare and new mineral species described in Norway (new species described by David Smith and his team in green):<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-8ce371b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8ce371b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6cdbbf7\" data-id=\"6cdbbf7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9966fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d9966fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"538\" height=\"837\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Table-des-especes-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10764\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Table-des-especes-1.png 538w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Table-des-especes-1-193x300.png 193w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Table-des-especes-1-8x12.png 8w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Table-des-especes-1-51x80.png 51w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Table-des-especes-1-64x100.png 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 538px) 100vw, 538px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c7d63f\" data-id=\"1c7d63f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a11161 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9a11161\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"540\" height=\"410\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Table-des-especes-2.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10765\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Table-des-especes-2.png 540w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Table-des-especes-2-300x228.png 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Table-des-especes-2-16x12.png 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Table-des-especes-2-80x61.png 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Table-des-especes-2-64x49.png 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a868074 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a868074\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cf7a4b2\" data-id=\"cf7a4b2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-902511e elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"902511e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-299282e\" data-id=\"299282e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff2eb28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ff2eb28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><u>To find out more:<\/u><\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Ungaretti, L., Smith, D., Rossi, G. (1981). - Crystal-chemistry by X-ray structure refinement and electron microprobe analysis of a series of sodic-calcic to alkali-amphiboles from the Nyb\u00f6 eclogite pod, Norway.\u00a0<em>Bulletin de Min\u00e9ralogie<\/em>104(4), pp. 400-412.<\/li><li>Smith, D. C. (1971). - A tourmaline-eclogite from Sunnm\u00f6re, <em>Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift<\/em>51, pp. 141-147.<\/li><li>Ungaretti, L., Oberti, R., Smith, D. C. (1985). - X-ray crystal structure refinements of ferro-alumino- and magnesio-alumino-taramites from the Liset eclogite pod, Norway, <em>Terra Cognita, <\/em>5(4), pp. 429-430.<\/li><li>Smith D. C. (1988). - A review of the peculiar mineralogy of the \"Norwegian coesite-eclogite province\", with crystal-chemical, petrological, geochemical and geodynamical notes and an extensive bibliography, <em>In:<\/em> Smith, D. C. (Ed.), Eclogites and Eclogite-Facies Rocks, <em>Developments in Petrology<\/em>12, pp. 1-206<\/li><li>Oberti, R., Ungaretti, L., Tlili, A., Smith, D. C., Robert, J.-L. (1993). - The crystal structure of preiswerkite, <em>American Mineralogist<\/em>, 78, pp. 1290-1298<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b8bb346 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b8bb346\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"16\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8e7fb9e\" data-id=\"8e7fb9e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-006b72e elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"006b72e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0afe18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f0afe18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">16 COSEM and the \"David Smithite\" movement<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7d118f2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7d118f2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f94235c\" data-id=\"f94235c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46e874d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"46e874d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The best eclogite outcrops in Norway are by the sea. The west coast of Norway is famous for its countless fjords and coves and its almost constant rain. Before the recent construction of many bridges and tunnels, it was necessary to use ferries. And sometimes the sun was visible!<\/p><p>David Smith on a Norwegian ferry. \u00a9 D.C. SMITH<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-cb8aece\" data-id=\"cb8aece\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-931509e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"931509e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"468\" height=\"351\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/David-Smith-sur-un-bac-norvegien.-\u00a9-D.C.-SMITH.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10767\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/David-Smith-sur-un-bac-norvegien.-\u00a9-D.C.-SMITH.jpg 468w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/David-Smith-sur-un-bac-norvegien.-\u00a9-D.C.-SMITH-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/David-Smith-sur-un-bac-norvegien.-\u00a9-D.C.-SMITH-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/David-Smith-sur-un-bac-norvegien.-\u00a9-D.C.-SMITH-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/David-Smith-sur-un-bac-norvegien.-\u00a9-D.C.-SMITH-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 468px) 100vw, 468px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-265af73 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"265af73\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd0834c\" data-id=\"fd0834c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-f97fc3c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f97fc3c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b70df5f\" data-id=\"b70df5f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a42570 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0a42570\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/COSEM-stats-q7bmduflwjpb1ctkajvzsssdhyw5cp7qwfkzecxw94.png\" title=\"COSEM stats\" alt=\"COSEM stats\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b6a7aff\" data-id=\"b6a7aff\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bd07bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2bd07bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>When David C. Smith collected samples of eclogites embedded in gneisses during his Masters course in Norway in 1967, he had no idea that he would become fascinated by these mysterious and beautiful rocks. His research propelled him to become Professor at the Mus\u00e9um National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris in 1980, at the invitation of Jacques Fabri\u00e8s, who held the Chair of Mineralogy at the MNHN. Having become Professor Emeritus on his official retirement in 2012, David Smith decided to transform his private research collection, comprising three tonnes of eclogites collected from all over the world, by donation into a State Collection called COSEM (\"Smith Collection of World Eclogites\"). More than 2,000 samples were selected for inclusion in the Museum's collections, including those presented in this exhibition, which illustrate the mineralogical diversity of Norwegian eclogites.<\/p><p>David Smith's initial idea was:<\/p><p>- to bring together in one place, and especially at the MNHN, the cradle of the study of eclogites since Ha\u00fcy (1822) and Bri\u00e8re (1920), the greatest possible variety of representative samples of the \"eclogites of the world\" as a new state collection;<\/p><p>- to enrich it with new acquisitions and donations;<\/p><p>- to select samples for teaching purposes and possible exhibitions aimed at the general public, in order to raise awareness and provide an introduction to the complicated but impressive phenomenon of high and ultra-high pressure metamorphism (UHPM), by presenting some very fine samples in a series of \"teaching kits\" organised by theme;<\/p><p>- to make it accessible to researchers around the world and, above all, for posterity.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eb3b1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5eb3b1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sample sources<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Most of the samples were collected by David himself; they were organised <strong>into distinct \"sub-collections<\/strong> according to country of origin, year of harvest, or other criteria. Some colleagues kindly offered him some samples they had collected themselves, and these have become additional sub-collections. David would also like to thank his 29 colleagues from different countries who donated samples to COSEM (289 in total) in order to increase the worldwide representativeness of this unique collection (<u><a href=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/LISTE-des-COLLECTIONNEURS.pdf\">see the list of collectors<\/a><\/u>). All this information is compiled in a database in which <strong>the 2241 samples<\/strong> can be sorted in several ways. This database and all the samples have been donated to the Museum's Collections Department so that COSEM can become a State Collection and serve the scientific community as a reference on eclogites for centuries to come.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Extensive research, data acquisition and publications<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The range of studies of the samples collected in COSEM is extremely varied. Many have been processed into thin sections. The most interesting rocks underwent more detailed analysis: chemical analysis of the overall rock by conventional wet chemistry or by X-ray fluorescence (XRF); mineral and\/or crystallographic analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD), analysis by electron microprobe (EMP), scanning electron microscope (SEM) or transmission electron microscope (TEM), Raman microscopy (MSR) and structure refinement (SREF); this last method was used in particular for the new mineral species discovered by David and\/or his teammates.<\/p>\n<p>The results of these studies were presented in David's two theses (SMITH 1968, 1976) and in numerous international scientific publications, book chapters, scientific journals and newspapers. There is also an abundance of \"published abstracts\", such as in TERRA COGNITA on the first conference in the series \"International Eclogite Conferences\" (IEC), of which David was one of the co-founders. This journal went on to establish the new journal TERRA ABSTRACTS, of which David was a founding editor. A full list of all these various publications is provided here in<u> <a href=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Liste-des-Travaux-du-Professeur-Emerite-David-C.pdf\">the Work list<\/a>.<\/u><\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately, many other research results acquired by David on the COSEM rocks have not been, and never will be, published, for lack of time and\/or money. Also, many COSEM samples have never been analysed. Despite this, samples without analytical data have been kept within COSEM in order to provide a good collection of all the rock types that exist at the sampled locations. Rocks that, for one reason or another, were of less scientific interest have already been eliminated from COSEM.<\/p>\n<p><strong>New mineral species found<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This collection contains a huge amount of mineral material to be exploited. Several new mineral species (e.g. nyb\u00f6ite, Mg- or Fe-aluminotaramite, lisetite), or others that are very rare in the mineral world, have already been discovered in COSEM rocks (see the<u><a href=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Liste-des-nouvelles-especes.pdf\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Liste-des-nouvelles-especes-1.pdf\">list of new or rare species found in norwegian eclogites<\/a><\/u>). These important discoveries, which have thus enriched the international catalogues of species recognised by the IMA (International Mineralogical Association), were acquired thanks to the exceptional chemical and geodynamic conditions (e.g. UHPM) of the Norwegian eclogite formation, but also to David's particular interest in crystallochemistry. There's nothing to say that there aren't other new mineral species to be discovered in this collection, just waiting to be found!<\/p>\n<p><strong>Types of rock collected<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The COSEM includes different types of rock (jointly decided with the head of the MNHN Petrology Collections):<\/p>\n<p>1 &#8211; <strong>High-pressure or ultra-high-pressure rocks with \"eclogite\" or \"blue schist\" metamorphic facies<\/strong>. These two facies correspond to pressures and temperatures where the plagioclase mineral is no longer stable; the main minerals are a sodium clinopyroxene rich in the jadeite pole and a magnesian garnet rich in the pyrope pole. These two species are often accompanied by quartz, cyanite or zo\u00efsite. Orthopyroxene, a clinoamphibole such as glaucophane or nyb\u00f6ite and a mica such as paragonite, phengite or phlogopite may also coexist. Sometimes there are UHPM-indicating minerals such as coesite or diamond.<\/p>\n<p>2 &#8211; <strong>Prograding or retrograde metamorphic rocks<\/strong>In other words, formed before or after the peak of metamorphism during burial by subduction or during exhumation in a collision or Metamorphic Core Complex context, for example.<\/p>\n<p>3 &#8211; <strong>The surrounding rocks<\/strong>. It is often the rocks known as 'gneiss' or 'schist' that, in the field, are generally found associated with eclogite 'lenses'. The origin and evolution of these non-eclogitic rocks are intimately linked with those of the eclogites, so it is essential to study them at the same time.<\/p>\n<p>4 &#8211; <strong>Deep rocks<\/strong> often associated with eclogites in metamorphic terrains, such as anorthosites, granulites, metadolerites, metagabbros, dunites, peridotites, lherzolites, etc.<\/p>\n<p>5 &#8211; <strong>Nodules of high-pressure or ultra-high-pressure rock in the Earth's mantle <\/strong>which are found in volcanic rocks or kimberlite diatremes (vertical channels from which mantle material has been rapidly brought to the surface). These 'host' rocks have upwelled fragments of heavier rock, including eclogites.<\/p>\n<p>6- <strong>Special associated rocks<\/strong> which do not fall into the above classification but which outcrop in the vicinity of eclogites, blue schists or others and which may have played a role in the genesis of these high-pressure rocks. Here we include materials transformed or incorporated by injection or partial fusion: veins or pegmatites; or by compression: mylonites or pseudotachylites.<\/p>\n<p><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>COSEM includes a majority of Norwegian rocks, as David Smith has focused his research on Norwegian eclogites. These rocks have proved to be very important scientifically because of the ultra-high pressures found there, the many new mineral species discovered there, and the very good exposure of the outcrops (little vegetation and good preservation).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-28c4ea3 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"28c4ea3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b366de1\" data-id=\"b366de1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a906406 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a906406\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The sample <strong>COSEM G201<\/strong> shows reddish parts containing partially retromorphosed garnets and other greener, grey or white parts that are strongly retromorphosed and poor in eclogitic facies garnets. In these lighter parts, clinopyroxene crystals remain containing around 80 % of jadeite (Jd) but also quartz, demonstrating the destabilisation of the {jadeite + quartz} couple (previously unknown in Norway); this couple is an indication of high pressure &gt; 20 kbar at 750\u00b0C. The red rectangles show the locations of several thin sections made to study this unusual rock. A previously unknown mineralogical phase was discovered by David Smith, who named it \"\u00a0<strong>lisetite<\/strong>\u00a0\". It is a feldspathoid formed, most probably, by the retrogression of paragonite (high-pressure sodium mica). This is the first time that a feldspathoid has been described in a Norwegian eclogite lens.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Another new phase was discovered and named\u00a0<strong>davidsmithite<\/strong>\u00a0\"Kechid et al (2017). Also recognised by the IMA, it is also a feldspathoid, more sodic than lisetite. This other new species crystallised during retrogression because it often inter-grows with lisetite. Along with nepheline and trinepheline, davidsmithite belongs to the nepheline structural group, as can be seen in the triangular crystallochemical diagram below.<\/p><p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Liset lens is clearly unique, as is the Nyb\u00f6 lens; these two eclogite lenses are the most sodic known in Norway. Smith (1988) describes the WGR eclogite zone as \"a mineralogist's paradise but a petrologist's nightmare\".\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0447104 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0447104\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4f55be4\" data-id=\"4f55be4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdb0c36 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fdb0c36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"816\" height=\"612\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lentille-declogite-a-Liset.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10631\" alt=\"Liset eclogite lens\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lentille-declogite-a-Liset.jpg 816w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lentille-declogite-a-Liset-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lentille-declogite-a-Liset-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lentille-declogite-a-Liset-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lentille-declogite-a-Liset-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lentille-declogite-a-Liset-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lentille-declogite-a-Liset-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 816px) 100vw, 816px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ebb8b4b\" data-id=\"ebb8b4b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cdd4a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cdd4a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In this photo of the eclogite lens at Liset, you can see dark grey and light grey layers that are very amphibolitic eclogite, hence the type sample of lisetite and davidsmithite (<b>G201<\/b>) were extracted. At bottom left the eclogite is only slightly retrograded and the colours of the fresh large grains of red garnet and green clinopyroxene are clearly visible. At the top right, the same rock is covered with dark yellow or pale lichens. Behind this remarkable outcrop is the famous Stadlandet peninsula. \u00a9 D.C. SMITH<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4539ef elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4539ef\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e1d460\" data-id=\"5e1d460\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c78907 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7c78907\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This image of an unanalysed polarised light (UPL) thin section of the COSEM G209g rock (not on display) from the Liset eclogite shows that <strong>the<\/strong> <strong>lisetite and davidsmithite<\/strong> coexist in light or dark grey areas (=retromorphosed eclogite). These include: 1. a long oblique lath (bottom right) and 2. a wide irregular zone (top left). These textures, which could represent old rods of an initial mica cut in two perpendicular directions, are symplectites. They have a transparent matrix composed of intercrossings of<strong> lisetite and davidsmithite<\/strong>. This matrix is rich in micro-inclusions of Mg-Fe-Ti oxides, and is always surrounded by a crown of green Al-taramite. In polarised light analysis (XPL), the two feldspathoid species can often be distinguished by their birefringence, which is lower for davidsmithite because it belongs to the nepheline group. The outer symplectites are mainly plagioclase with small grains of Al-taramite in place of the original clinopyroxene. The blackish clusters are other magnetite-rich symplectites replacing garnet \u00a9 D.C. SMITH<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-452816f\" data-id=\"452816f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e69ad3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1e69ad3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"660\" height=\"765\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/2-especes-ensemble-lisetite-davidsmithite.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10632\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/2-especes-ensemble-lisetite-davidsmithite.jpg 660w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/2-especes-ensemble-lisetite-davidsmithite-259x300.jpg 259w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/2-especes-ensemble-lisetite-davidsmithite-10x12.jpg 10w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/2-especes-ensemble-lisetite-davidsmithite-69x80.jpg 69w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/2-especes-ensemble-lisetite-davidsmithite-600x695.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/2-especes-ensemble-lisetite-davidsmithite-64x74.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c12d848 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c12d848\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-effb601\" data-id=\"effb601\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dd8a81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9dd8a81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"945\" height=\"552\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/une-latte-presque-rectangulaire.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10768\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/une-latte-presque-rectangulaire.png 945w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/une-latte-presque-rectangulaire-300x175.png 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/une-latte-presque-rectangulaire-768x449.png 768w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/une-latte-presque-rectangulaire-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/une-latte-presque-rectangulaire-80x47.png 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/une-latte-presque-rectangulaire-600x350.png 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/une-latte-presque-rectangulaire-64x37.png 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 945px) 100vw, 945px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0ecd4ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0ecd4ef\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b008d75\" data-id=\"b008d75\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0b8d1a8 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0b8d1a8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2fe6deb\" data-id=\"2fe6deb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5534ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f5534ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\">This image from Kechid et al (2017) acquired by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows an almost rectangular lath 3 mm long, where the more calcic lisetite is located rather towards the centre (see Ca mapping top right in sky blue), while the more sodic davidsmithite is located rather towards the edges (see Na mapping top left in yellow).\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The table in Smith (2023) shows the actual and schematic chemical compositions of eight mineral species with the composition R<sup>+<\/sup>AlSiO<sub>4<\/sub> shown here with 16 oxygen atoms, all of which would have the crystal structure of nepheline, where R<sup>+<\/sup> includes K<sup>+<\/sup>Na<sup>+<\/sup> or [Ca<sub>0.5<\/sub>\u25a1<sub>0.5<\/sub>]<sup> +<\/sup> and \u25a1 = a vacant site. By definition, all these species recognised by the IMA have different chemical compositions and crystal structures.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a9d22d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7a9d22d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"446\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Screenshot-2023-05-14-at-07.36.12-1024x446.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10650\" alt=\"actual and schematic chemical compositions\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Screenshot-2023-05-14-at-07.36.12-1024x446.png 1024w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Screenshot-2023-05-14-at-07.36.12-300x131.png 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Screenshot-2023-05-14-at-07.36.12-768x334.png 768w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Screenshot-2023-05-14-at-07.36.12-1536x668.png 1536w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Screenshot-2023-05-14-at-07.36.12.png 2048w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Screenshot-2023-05-14-at-07.36.12-18x8.png 18w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Screenshot-2023-05-14-at-07.36.12-80x35.png 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Screenshot-2023-05-14-at-07.36.12-600x261.png 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Screenshot-2023-05-14-at-07.36.12-64x28.png 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-46d64fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"46d64fd\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-88e2c7c\" data-id=\"88e2c7c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab0d91c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ab0d91c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Note that lisetite is close in composition to anorthite feldspar, but has two Na<sup>+<\/sup> atom instead of a Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>. Davidsmithite is close in composition to lisetite, but every second Ca atom is absent, and its positive charge is replaced by two Na atoms (2Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> = Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> + 2Na<sup>+<\/sup>) or (Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> = Ca<sup>2+<\/sup><sub>0.5\u00a0 <\/sub>\u00a0\u25a1<sub>0.5<\/sub>\u00a0 \u00a0+ Na<sup>+<\/sup>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d6a5bb7 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d6a5bb7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ed10d92\" data-id=\"ed10d92\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-541d838 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"541d838\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"659\" height=\"607\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Figure-triangulaire.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10630\" alt=\"Triangular figure\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Figure-triangulaire.png 659w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Figure-triangulaire-300x276.png 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Figure-triangulaire-13x12.png 13w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Figure-triangulaire-80x74.png 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Figure-triangulaire-600x553.png 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Figure-triangulaire-64x59.png 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 659px) 100vw, 659px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3753c81\" data-id=\"3753c81\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1d533c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d1d533c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We<span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; background-color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor5 ); letter-spacing: 0px;\">\u00a0We can see from the triangular diagram, which plots the ratios of ideal mineral compositions in K, Na &amp; Ca atoms, that lisetite falls halfway between anorthite and trinepheline, and the pure pole of davidsmithite falls halfway between lisetite and trinepheline. Actual mineral compositions may vary. According to Kechid et al (2017).<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c27125c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c27125c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1f22fa1\" data-id=\"1f22fa1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70e3d96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"70e3d96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><u>The book is displayed in a window: <\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kechid, S. A., Parodi, G. C., Pont, S., &amp; Oberti, R. (2017). Davidsmithite, (Ca,\u25a1) 2Na6Al8Si8O32: a new, Ca-bearing nepheline-group mineral from the Western Gneiss Region, Norway.&nbsp;<em>European Journal of Mineralogy<\/em>29(6), pp. 1005-1013.<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><strong><u>To find out more:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rossi, G., Oberti, R., Smith, D .C. (1986). - The crystal structure of lisetite, <em>American Mineralogist<\/em>71, pp. 1378-1383.<\/li>\n<li>Smith, D. C., Kechid, S.-A., Rossi, R. (1986). - Occurrence and properties of lisetite, CaNa2Al4Si4O16, a new tektosilicate in the Ca-Na-Al-Si-O system, <em>American Mineralogist<\/em>71, pp. 1372-1377.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-218edb6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"218edb6\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"17\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c9d6f61\" data-id=\"c9d6f61\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-451edb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"451edb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">17 Implications for geodynamics<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-487b242 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"487b242\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;\"><span lang=\"FR-BE\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR-BE; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\">One of the great enigmas of terrestrial geodynamics is to know when plate tectonics, as we know it today, began on Earth and what geodynamic processes dominated on the ancient Earth. Re<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;\">pondering these major questions is an essential challenge if we are to understand, on a larger scale, the transition from an ancient Earth to a modern Earth, and the global phenomena that took place there: the formation of the mantle and crust, the appearance of water, the event of great oxygenation of the atmosphere, which had major implications for the increase in the number of mineral species and for the evolution of Life on our planet. <\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;\">Although numerous studies have tried to determine when plate tectonics appeared on Earth and whether this phenomenon was progressive or a one-off event, no consensus has been reached to date. <\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"FR-BE\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR-BE; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\">Ultra-high-pressure, low-temperature ((U)HP-BT) metamorphic rocks such as eclogites provide crucial clues to geodynamic processes, as these rocks are currently only produced in subduction environments and are therefore evidence of modern plate tectonics. In fact, the PTt (or t = time) conditions recorded by eclogites (low temperature and high pressure) <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">and certain index minerals they contain (e.g. omphacite, coesite, glaucophane, lawsonite, carpholite) are indisputable indicators of the presence of deep subduction involving<\/span><span lang=\"FR-BE\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR-BE; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"> the burial of relatively cold oceanic crust in the mantle at great depth (&gt; 70 km) and therefore at high pressure. These types of rock were not produced during the Archean, when maximum recorded pressures did not exceed 15 kbar and the T gradient was much stronger.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"FR-BE\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR-BE; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\">\u00a0There are three key periods in this transition:<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 115%; mso-hyphenate: none;\"><span lang=\"FR-BE\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR-BE; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 191;\">The Archaean and ancient geodynamics<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;\">\u00a0This very long period records major geological events. Despite the presence of metamorphic rocks (&lt; 15 kbar), no consensus has been reached as to the geodynamic processes present (sagduction, flat subduction). <\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 115%; mso-hyphenate: none;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 191;\">The Paleoproterozoic and the 1st evidence of proto-subduction\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;\">This pivotal period records the oldest eclogite occurrences (1.8 - 2.2 Ga) in the world. These rocks are the oldest evidence of proto-subduction (with pressures of between 15 and 25 kbar <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;\">\u00b1<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"> low temperatures) across the globe.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 115%; mso-hyphenate: none;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 191;\">From the Neoproterozoic to the present day, with the emergence and maintenance of deep subduction\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;\">This period saw the first occurrences of UHP metamorphic rocks containing coesite (&gt; 25 kbar), evidence of subduction with deep burial in the mantle.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a50f91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9a50f91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><b>BAR-11-12&nbsp;<\/b>This sample from the Barberton region of South Africa\nSouth Africa, shows amphiboles, garnets, titanites, feldspars and rare pyroxenes.\nrare pyroxenes. Some authors (Moyen et al., 2006) suggest that this garnet-bearing\ngarnet amphibolite, dated at <b>3.2 Ga<\/b>\n(Fran\u00e7ois, 2014), is thought to be a witness to Archean subduction:<o:p><\/o:p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-3642e20 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3642e20\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-407ed1d\" data-id=\"407ed1d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52e65c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"52e65c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"681\" height=\"513\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/echantillon-de-la-region-de-Barberton.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10653\" alt=\"sample of the Barberton region\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/echantillon-de-la-region-de-Barberton.jpg 681w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/echantillon-de-la-region-de-Barberton-300x226.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/echantillon-de-la-region-de-Barberton-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/echantillon-de-la-region-de-Barberton-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/echantillon-de-la-region-de-Barberton-600x452.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/echantillon-de-la-region-de-Barberton-64x48.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 681px) 100vw, 681px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-029c464 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"029c464\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00a9 C. Fran\u00e7ois<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-22cd88a\" data-id=\"22cd88a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb126a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fb126a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"696\" height=\"516\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/amphibolite-a-grenats.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10654\" alt=\"garnet amphibolite\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/amphibolite-a-grenats.jpg 696w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/amphibolite-a-grenats-300x222.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/amphibolite-a-grenats-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/amphibolite-a-grenats-80x59.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/amphibolite-a-grenats-600x445.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/amphibolite-a-grenats-64x47.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b64be8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5b64be8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>RG-45977\u00a0<\/strong>This rock (historical sample from the Africa Museum, Belgium) is a retromorphosed eclogite from the Kasai region (Democratic Republic of Congo). It contains garnet, amphibole, pyroxene, rutile, plagioclase feldspar and quartz. Dated at <strong>2.1 Ga <\/strong>with pressure-temperature conditions of 17-13 kbar &amp; 500-550\u00b0C, this rock was formed during the<b>Eburnian orogeny<\/b>. It is therefore the oldest high-pressure eclogite in the world and proves that plate tectonics was functional on Earth as early as the Palaeoproterozoic (Fran\u00e7ois et al., 2018):<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fcbf727 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fcbf727\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a9069b4\" data-id=\"a9069b4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-414761c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"414761c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"947\" height=\"358\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Picture-1-2.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10655\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Picture-1-2.png 947w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Picture-1-2-300x113.png 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Picture-1-2-768x290.png 768w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Picture-1-2-18x7.png 18w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Picture-1-2-80x30.png 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Picture-1-2-600x227.png 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Picture-1-2-64x24.png 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 947px) 100vw, 947px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5642bfc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5642bfc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ab4c1e\" data-id=\"1ab4c1e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04ff5a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"04ff5a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>COSEM B361\u00a0<\/b>This magnesian eclogite comes from Nyb\u00f6 (S\u00f6rpollen) in Norway and was formed during the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tyfXGmdEUZk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Caledonian orogeny<\/a> about <b>420 Ma<\/b>. This eclogite is mainly composed of prismatic clinopyroxenes and contains layers rich in garnet and layers rich in bedded phlogopite (sheets subparallel to the bedding of the clinopyroxenes). It is one of the oldest pieces of eclogite evidence in UHP, and therefore bears witness to the presence of a 'modern' subduction as early as the Silurian.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><b style=\"font-style: inherit; background-color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor5 ); letter-spacing: 0px;\">CF2\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; background-color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor5 ); letter-spacing: 0px;\">This sample of eclogite from Compointerie in Saint-Philbert-de-Grand-Lieu in the Vend\u00e9e contains mainly garnet and pyroxene (omphacite). It was formed during the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=D7DtckyS8D0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hercynian orogeny<\/a><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; background-color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor5 ); letter-spacing: 0px;\"> about <\/span><span style=\"font-style: inherit; background-color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor5 ); letter-spacing: 0px;\"><b>355 Ma<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; background-color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor5 ); letter-spacing: 0px;\">. <br \/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; background-color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor5 ); letter-spacing: 0px;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><b style=\"font-style: inherit; background-color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor5 ); letter-spacing: 0px;\">CF3\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; background-color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor5 ); letter-spacing: 0px;\">This sample of blue schist with lawsonite and eclogite veins comes from Mont San Petrone in alpine Corsica. The rock was formed during the Alpine orogeny around <\/span><b style=\"font-style: inherit; background-color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor5 ); letter-spacing: 0px;\">35 Ma<\/b><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; background-color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor5 ); letter-spacing: 0px;\">. The blue schist part contains glaucophane, actinolite, lawsonite, garnet, phengite and titanite. The eclogite vein is composed of omphacite, lawsonite, garnet, phengite and titanite. Lawsonite eclogite is very rare, with fewer than 10 localities worldwide (Brovarone et al., 2011).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; background-color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor5 ); letter-spacing: 0px;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>98B<\/strong>This fresh eclogite pebble comes from West Papua (Lent by Julia de Sigoyer). It is composed of garnet (sometimes in atolls), clinopyroxene, quartz, amphibole and rutile. The associated metasediments contain garnets up to 10 cm in diameter. Dated between <strong>5.5 and 8 Ma<\/strong> with P-T conditions of 17-23 kbar and 700-800\u00b0C, this eclogite is one of the youngest in the world (Fran\u00e7ois et al., 2016). This sample also shows that burial and exhumation can be very rapid in certain subduction zones.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a8027d3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a8027d3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-afa188b\" data-id=\"afa188b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31fb719 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"31fb719\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"569\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Fig1-generale-1024x569.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10887\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Fig1-generale-1024x569.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Fig1-generale-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Fig1-generale-768x427.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Fig1-generale-1536x854.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Fig1-generale-scaled.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Fig1-generale-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Fig1-generale-80x44.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Fig1-generale-600x334.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Fig1-generale-64x36.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01058d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"01058d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Geodynamic evolution on Earth: Archean, Palaeoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic (= modern Earth) and corresponding Pressure-Temperature diagram. \u00a9 C. Fran\u00e7ois<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bbfd793 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bbfd793\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-66c55ff\" data-id=\"66c55ff\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6288370 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6288370\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><u>To find out more: <\/u><\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>Moyen, J. F., Stevens, G., &amp; Kisters, A. (2006). - Record of mid-Archaean subduction from metamorphism in the Barberton terrain, South Africa,\u00a0<em>Nature<\/em>442(7102), pp. 559-562.<\/li><li>Brovarone, A. V., Groppo, C., Het\u00e9nyi, G., Compagnoni, R., Malavieille, J. (2011). -Coexistence of lawsonite-bearing eclogite and blueschist: phase equilibria modelling of Alpine Corsica metabasalts and petrological evolution of subducting slabs,<em>Journal of Metamorphic Geology<\/em>29(5), pp. 583-600.<\/li><li>Fran\u00e7ois, C., de Sigoyer, J., Pubellier, M., Bailly, V., Cocherie, A., &amp; Ringenbach, J. C. (2016). - Short-lived subduction and exhumation in Western Papua (Wandamen peninsula): co-existence of HP and HT metamorphic rocks in a young geodynamic setting, <em>Lithos<\/em>266, pp. 44-63.<\/li><li>Fran\u00e7ois, C., Debaille, V., Paquette, J. L., Baudet, D., &amp; Javaux, E. J. (2018). - The earliest evidence for modern-style plate tectonics recorded by HP-LT metamorphism in the Paleoproterozoic of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, <em>Scientific reports<\/em>8(1), nr. 15452.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Available from the SGF shop:<\/p><ul><li>Collective (2014). - Alpine Corsica, G\u00e9ochronique, 132, 60 p.<\/li><\/ul><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geosoc.fr\/boutique-en-ligne\/geochronique\/la-corse-alpine-detail.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.geosoc.fr\/boutique-en-ligne\/geochronique\/la-corse-alpine-detail.html<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-379e01a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"379e01a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7dd524e\" data-id=\"7dd524e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8669e0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8669e0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"182\" src=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bandeau-participation-1024x182.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10868\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bandeau-participation-1024x182.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bandeau-participation-300x53.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bandeau-participation-768x136.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bandeau-participation-1536x273.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bandeau-participation-18x3.jpg 18w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bandeau-participation-80x14.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bandeau-participation-600x107.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bandeau-participation-64x11.jpg 64w, https:\/\/ccgm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bandeau-participation.jpg 1587w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07ce8db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"07ce8db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Exhibition co-organised by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geosoc.fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Geological Society of France<\/a>the <a href=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Commission for the Geological Map of France<\/a>the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mnhn.fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Museum of Natural History<\/a> and the I<a href=\"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/en\/picg-667\/\" target=\"_blank\">GCP-667<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.unesco.org\/programme-international-geosciences\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UNESCO<\/a> &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iugs.org\/igcp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IUGS<\/a>): World map of orogens<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cd105f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3cd105f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d8842cd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d8842cd\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-107968b\" data-id=\"107968b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7a64ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f7a64ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Acknowledgments<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29b670a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"29b670a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>David Smith collected these eclogite samples during his long stays in Norway, either alone or with a group of geologists (for example during an excursion organised by an international congress), or assisted in the field at different times by : <strong>Haavard Buset, Harald Buset, Alan Deeney, Chiara Domeneghetti, Mary H. Inglis, Roberta Oberti &amp; Edward B. Walsworth-Bell<\/strong>) to whom David expresses his immense gratitude. David would also like to thank <strong>Sid-Ali Kechid, <\/strong>his former student, who wrote his doctoral thesis on the extraordinary Liset eclogite lens.<\/p><p>David would particularly like to thank the various curators of the MNHN mineralogical collections: <strong>Gabriel Carlier, Cristiano Ferraris<\/strong> and in particular <strong>Violaine Sautter<\/strong> for their ongoing support over many years.<\/p><p>David is grateful to <strong>Management<\/strong> from the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9ologique de France for the opportunity to present COSEM at this exhibition. It's an ideal way of showcasing this unique collection to other eclogite specialists, geology professionals and enthusiasts, not to mention the general public and young people who may never have heard of the term 'eclogite'. This exhibition would probably not have been possible without the support of <strong>Solen Le Gardien<\/strong>the head of SGF's library, who has selected and revived old works from SGF's library collection relating to the world of eclogites, and without the scientific support of<strong> Camille Fran\u00e7ois,<\/strong> of the Commission for the Geological Map of the World, for improving the texts and presenting his remarkable subduction diagrams to help the reader understand difficult geodynamic concepts.<\/p><p>Finally, this important result, the very existence of COSEM and its presentation at this exhibition, could not have been achieved without the precise and invaluable help and ongoing dedication of <strong>Mary H. Inglis <\/strong>to whom David is immensely grateful. For over ten years, Mary has given up much of her time to help David with his three tonnes of rocks. In the course of this entirely voluntary work, Mary has painted, renumbered, packaged and indexed the location of over 2,000 samples!<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>SGF and CCGM would like to thank <strong>Guillaume Bonnet, Julia de Sigoyer, Denis Blanc and the Africa Museum<\/strong> for their loan of samples, as well as all those who contributed to the production of this exhibition.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-124c609 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"124c609\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08c979e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"08c979e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Design of the web page: Andrei Rosu<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A temporary exhibition at the Geological Society of France prepared by : Camille FRAN\u00c7OIS, Solen LE GARDIEN, Violaine SAUTTER &amp; David C. SMITH. With the support and assistance of Mary Inglis, A. Rosu &amp; S. Chaimbault Download the brochure here. ABOUT THE EXHIBITION In collaboration with the Mus\u00e9um National d'Histoire Naturelle and the ...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10413"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10413"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10413\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccgm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10413"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}